陕西省北洛河流域水源涵养生态服务功能及其价值估算

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:00

本文关键词：陕西省北洛河流域水源涵养生态服务功能及其价值估算　出处：《西北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文采用InVEST模型、SCS模型分别计算了陕西省北洛河流域的产水量和地表径流量,在此基础之上,以水量平衡法为原理,得到了该地区的多年平均水源涵养量,最后计算其服务价值。主要结论如下：①研究区多年平均降水量516.5mm,蒸散量372.8mm。多年平均产水量143.7mm,合计33.59亿m3,从整体上来看,东南多、西北少。产水量的大小与降水量、土壤类型、植被类型、叶面积指数、太阳辐射因子、气温高低等因素有关,这些因素主要是通过影响地表蒸发量和植被蒸腾量来影响产水量。在降水量相同的条件下,土壤质地疏松、植被根系深度大、叶面积指数大、太阳辐射强、气温较高的地区,蒸散量较大,因而产水量小,在条件相反地区,则产水量较大。②研究区多年平均地表径流量为43.9mm,从东南到西北逐渐减小。地表径流量的大小主要受以下三个因素的影响：降水前士壤湿润程度、土壤质地和土地覆被类型。当降水前土壤湿润程度低、土壤质地疏松、土地覆被类型主要为森林、灌丛时,降水容易下渗,因而产生的地表径流量小,反之,地表径流量较大。③研究区多年平均水源涵养量为99.89mm。其中水源涵养能力最强的地区位于流域南部降水量多、土壤质地疏松、土地利用方式主要为森林和灌丛的子流域,以及流域北部蒸散量较小的子流域；从水源涵养总量上来看,水源涵养深度大(即水源涵养能力强)且流域面积大的子流域,其水源涵养总量最大；同时,不一样的土地利用类型,其水源涵养能力也有差别,从大到小依次是：森林、灌丛、草地、农田、荒漠,同时由于草地在研究区中所占面积最大,因此其水源涵养总量最大。④利用影子工程法计算出陕西省北洛河流域多年平均水源涵养服务功能的价值为139.87亿元。
[Abstract]:In this paper, InVEST model and SCS model are applied to calculate the water yield and surface runoff of the North Luo river basin in Shaanxi. On the basis of that, the annual average water conservation capacity is obtained based on the water balance method, and finally the service value is calculated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the annual average precipitation in the study area is 516.5mm, and the evapotranspiration is 372.8mm. The average annual yield of water is 143.7mm, and the total amount is 3 billion 359 million m3. From the overall point of view, the southeast and the northwest are less. The water yield is related to precipitation, soil type, vegetation type, leaf area index, solar radiation factor and air temperature. These factors mainly affect the water yield by affecting the surface evaporation and vegetation transpiration. Under the same rainfall condition, the area with loose soil texture, large depth of vegetation roots, large leaf area index, strong solar radiation and high temperature has large evapotranspiration, so the water yield is small. In the opposite area, the water yield is relatively large. (2) the average annual surface runoff of the study area is 43.9mm, gradually decreasing from the southeast to the northwest. The size of the surface runoff is mainly influenced by the following three factors: the wetting degree of the soil before precipitation, the soil texture and the type of land cover. When rainfall is low, soil texture is loose, and land cover types are mainly forest and shrub, precipitation is easy to infiltrate, so the surface runoff is small. On the contrary, surface runoff is larger. (3) the average water conservation of the study area is 99.89mm for many years. The water conservation capacity of the strongest precipitation area is located in the southern basin, loose soil texture, land use is mainly forest and shrub sub basin, and the northern basin evapotranspiration smaller sub basin; from the point of view of the total water conservation, water conservation depth (i.e. water conservation capacity) sub basin and basin area the water conservation, the largest total; at the same time, the land use type is not the same, the water conservation capacity is different, from big to small in turn is: forest, shrub, grassland, farmland, grassland and desert, as in study area are the largest, so the largest amount of water conservation. (4) the value of the average water conservation service function of the North Luhe River Basin in Shaanxi province is 13 billion 987 million yuan by the shadow engineering method.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P333

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