武汉市水资源脆弱性评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 17:06

本文关键词：武汉市水资源脆弱性评价研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,生命的起源、发展和延续都不能离开水。水资源是一种基础性的自然资源,它在人类的生存、繁衍和发展过程中发挥着不可替代的巨大作用。工业革命之后,科技日新月异,全球经济快速发展,城市化、工业化加快推进,人口迅速增长,水资源的消耗量不断上升,大大超过了水资源恢复、更新的周期,出现了诸如水资源短缺、水环境污染、水土流失等水资源问题。水资源问题已经成为全球的重大资源问题之一。武汉市属亚热带湿润季风气候,降水充沛,加上境内江河纵横,湖泊众多,水资源十分丰富,素有“百湖之市”的美称。但是,在近些年来武汉市经济社会得到快速发展的同时,“百湖之市”却在枯竭。除了湖泊萎缩,武汉市的水资源状况也不容乐观。首先表现为水污染严重。因城市污水和工业废水的排放,导致河流湖泊污染严重。其次,水质性缺水问题日益严重。虽然武汉市水资源丰富,但水资源污染严重。若被污染的水资源流入未被污染的水域,会造成整体水质下降,使得人们能够开发和利用的水资源大大减少。随着武汉市未来经济社会发展,水资源状况可能会进一步恶化。水资源是农业生产的命脉,是工业生产的血液,水资源状况的恶化势必会影响武汉市社会经济的发展。因此,对武汉市水资源脆弱性进行综合评价具有积极和重要的现实意义。本文以武汉市为研究对象,分析了武汉市水资源现状以及开发利用过程中存在的问题,在参考前人的研究成果,分析、理解现有水资源脆弱性的概念和内涵的基础上,归纳总结了水资源脆弱性的概念和内涵,然后利用基于DPSIR概念模型的水资源脆弱性评价指标体系,运用水资源脆弱性模糊综合评价模型,对武汉市2003-2013年水资源系统的脆弱性进行了评价,并对评价结果进行了分析。研究结果表明,2003-2013年这11年间,在某些年份因为受诸多因素的影响,水资源系统存在着较多的不安全因素,表现出脆弱性。其次,2003-2013年这11年间,武汉市水资源系统的脆弱性出现了动态变化,2003-2006年的水资源脆弱性得分普遍较低,脆弱性程度均为不脆弱,而2006年之后的年份,除2008年和2011年的脆弱性得分较低外,其余年份的脆弱性得分均较高,2007、2009、2012、2013年的脆弱性等级为轻度脆弱,2010年的脆弱性等级为中度脆弱。因此,从动态变化来看,这11年来武汉市水资源脆弱性程度总体上是加重的。武汉市2003-2013年水资源脆弱性程度总体上加重的变化特征与实际状况较为符合,武汉市经济社会的快速发展与区域水资源系统的不协调是导致其水资源系统的脆弱性逐渐加重的最主要原因。根据武汉市水资源脆弱性评价结果,结合武汉市水资源现状及开发利用过程中存在的问题,为确保武汉市未来社会经济能够又好又快的发展,提出了降低武汉市水资源脆弱性的对策。一是加强对水资源的统一规划和管理；二是开源节流,改善水资源供需结构,提高用水效率；三是防治水污染。
[Abstract]:Water is the Source of Life, the origin of life, development and continuation of all cannot leave the water. The water resource is a basic natural resource, it is in the survival of mankind, plays an irreplaceable role in the process of reproduction and development. After the industrial revolution, science and technology change rapidly, the global economy and rapid development of the city. Industrialization, accelerate the rapid growth of population, water resource consumption rising, greatly exceeded the water resource recovery, update cycle, appeared such as the shortage of water resources, water pollution, water resources, soil erosion and other problems. The problem of water resources has become one of the major issues of global resources. Wuhan is a subtropical humid monsoon climate abundant precipitation, numerous lakes, rivers, and territory, is rich in water resources, known as "100 Lake City" laudatory name. However, with the rapid development of economic society in Wuhan city in recent years, "100 Lake City," was exhausted. In addition to shrinking lakes and water resources situation of Wuhan city is not optimistic. As the first manifestation of serious water pollution. Because of city sewage and industrial wastewater emissions, causing serious pollution of rivers and lakes. Secondly, water shortage has become a serious problem. Although the water resources in Wuhan city is rich in water resources, but the pollution is serious. If the contaminated water flows into the unpolluted waters, will cause the overall decline in water quality, enables the development and utilization of water resources is greatly reduced. With the city of Wuhan in the future economic and social development, water resources situation is likely to worsen. Water resources are the lifeblood of agricultural production, industrial production is the blood. The deterioration of the situation of water resources is bound to affect the development of society and economy in Wuhan. Therefore, the Wuhan city water resources vulnerability evaluation is a positive and important practical significance. This paper takes Wuhan City As the research object, analyzes the problems existing in the process of the status of Wuhan city water resources development and utilization analysis, in reference to previous research results, and understanding the concept and connotation of existing water resource vulnerability on, summarized the concept and connotation of water resources vulnerability, and the vulnerability evaluation index system DPSIR concept the model of water resources based on the use of water resources vulnerability fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the vulnerability of water resources system in Wuhan city in 2003-2013 was evaluated, and the evaluation results were analyzed. The results show that the 2003-2013 11 years, in some years because it is affected by many factors, there is a water resources system the safety factor is more, showing vulnerability. Secondly, the 11 years from 2003-2013, the vulnerability of water resources system in Wuhan city showed dynamic changes, 2003-2006 years of water resources vulnerability The score is generally low, the degree of vulnerability is not weak, but the year after 2006, except for 2008 and 2011 vulnerability score lower, vulnerability scores were higher in the rest of the year, level of vulnerability for 2007200920122013 years of mild vulnerability, vulnerability level in 2010 is moderate fragile. Therefore, from the dynamic changes in 11 years, the degree of vulnerability of water resources in Wuhan city is generally worse. Water resources in Wuhan city 2003-2013 vulnerability characteristic change degree is aggravated and the actual situation is consistent with the Wuhan economic society, the rapid development of water resources system and regional coordination is the main cause of its vulnerability the water resources system gradually increased. According to the evaluation results of vulnerability of water resources in Wuhan City, with the Wuhan city water resources development and utilization status and problems in the process, to ensure the future of Wuhan Society The development of the economy can be good and fast, puts forward some countermeasure to reduce the vulnerability of water resources in Wuhan city. The first is to strengthen the unified planning and management of water resources; the two is to improve the structure of the supply and demand of water resources, improve water use efficiency; three is the prevention of water pollution.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV213.4

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