基于国家公园体制改革的水利风景区发展机制探析

发布时间：2018-01-28 06:08

本文关键词： 水利风景区国家公园体制保护地改革　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国随着经济的发展,环境污染和破坏成为了当前急需重视的问题。党在十八届三中全会首次提出了"建立国家公园体制"的战略部署,并于2015年正式发布了《建立国家公园体制试点方案》,这样意味着我国正式进入了国家公园体制建设的新时期。而建立国家公园体制的目的,不但可加强生态环境的保护,也是将国家公园建设作为生态文明制度建设的重要内容和保护自然文化遗产的重要手段。水利风景区虽然未入IUCN保护地管理体系,但其是一种事实上的保护地;而且作为我国文化及自然遗产地管理体系的一员,水利风景区的发展也不能置身事外,而是要积极参与到这样的改革当中。本文通过对世界上国家公园特别是以较为成熟的美国国家公园体系模式进行分析,结合我国国情和现有保护地管理模式中存在的一些问题,提出在我国国家公园体制建立中需要解决的一些关键点,包括了权属问题、资金问题以及社会参与等方面。通过对我国水利风景区的总况的分析,并且根据全国778家国家级水利风景区情况的整理,选取其中54家进行表格统计,归纳了我国水利风景区在建设过程中逐渐凸显出来的一些共性问题,主要包括了发展过程中的生态保护、管理机构、规划程度、品牌开发、人才培养、资金机制、社会参与等具体方面。通过对这些具体问题的梳理和分析,借着国家公园体制建立的试点工作中一些可以借鉴的发展模式、管理模式、资金机制及监管等形式,结合自身的实际情况,提出解决关键五大要点,包括了权属问题、资金机制、规划管理、人才培养及社会参与五大内容。并以青海三江源国家公园建设的实例,分析我国在国家公园体制改革试点中所做的要点,以其关键问题的解决,得出八大结论,分别是构建立法保障、创新管理机制、完善资金制度和建立专项资金、建立水生态环境影响评价和生态监测机制、创新人才培养机制、引入社会力量、重视发展与国家公园建设理念相近的水利风景区、着重特色挖掘彰显水利形象。国家公园体制的最终确立,需要在国家公园试点中摸索经验,以"自下而上"的形式最终确定我国的国家公园体系的形成。而在这模式摸索的过程,都需要水利风景区建设的积极参与和大胆尝试。使水利风景区作为我国基础的保护地,成为国家保护地体系的重要组成部分,为我国生态文明建设和美丽中国的实现发挥不可或缺的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, environmental pollution and destruction have become an urgent problem at present. At the third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee, the Party put forward for the first time the strategic plan of "establishing the national park system". In 2015, the National Park system pilot Program was officially issued, which means that China has entered a new period of national park system construction, and the purpose of establishing the National Park system. Not only can strengthen the protection of the ecological environment. The construction of national parks is also an important content of the construction of ecological civilization system and an important means to protect the natural and cultural heritage. Although the water conservancy scenic spots are not included in the IUCN protected land management system. But it is a de facto protectorate; And as a member of the management system of our country's cultural and natural heritage sites, the development of water conservancy scenic spots can not be excluded. This paper analyzes the national parks in the world, especially in the more mature national park system model of the United States. Combined with the situation of our country and some problems existing in the existing management mode of protected land, this paper puts forward some key points that need to be solved in the establishment of the national park system in our country, including the issue of ownership. Through the analysis of the total situation of water conservancy scenic spots in China, and according to the national 778 national water conservancy scenic spots, 54 of them are selected for tabular statistics. Summarized the water conservancy scenic spot in our country in the construction process gradually highlights some common problems, mainly includes the development process ecological protection, the management organization, the planning degree, the brand development, the talented person training. Through the sorting and analysis of these specific problems, through the establishment of the national park system in the pilot work of some development models, management model. In the form of fund mechanism and supervision, combined with its own actual situation, the paper puts forward five key points to solve the problem, including ownership, fund mechanism, planning and management. Taking the construction of the National Park of the three Rivers in Qinghai Province as an example, this paper analyzes the main points of our country in the national park system reform pilot project, and draws eight conclusions with the solution of its key problems. They are to construct legislation guarantee, innovate management mechanism, perfect fund system and establish special fund, establish water ecological environment impact assessment and ecological monitoring mechanism, innovate talent training mechanism, and introduce social forces. Pay attention to the development of water conservancy scenic spots similar to the concept of national park construction and highlight the image of water conservancy with special features. The final establishment of the national park system needs to explore the experience in the national park pilot project. In the form of "bottom-up" to determine the formation of the national park system in China. And in this mode of exploration process. It needs the active participation and bold attempt of water conservancy scenic spot construction to make water conservancy scenic spot become an important part of the national protected land system as the protection area of our country foundation. It plays an indispensable role in the construction of ecological civilization and the realization of beautiful China.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F592;F426.91

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