流域分布式水文模型的改进及应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 14:11

本文关键词： 分布式水文模型 SRM冰雪融水径流模型 TOPMODEL模型水量平衡人工侧支水循环　出处：《西安理工大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对流域水文过程模拟研究,有助于人们更加清楚的了解和认识流域水文循环过程,从而更加有效合理的进行水资源的规划和利用。文章中分别针对自然流域的水循环过程以及具有“自然—人工”二元特性的流域水循环过程,采用分布式水文模型以及分布式耦合模型进行研究区域的水循环过程模拟研究,通过研究主要取得以下成果:(1)对于冰雪融水径流过程模拟,文中以新疆塔什库尔干河伊尔列黑水文站控制流域内水文、气象以及冰雪覆盖数据为基础,选择SRM模型进行流域水文过程模拟。在建模过程中,针对SRM模型结构上的缺陷,根据水汽压与蒸发量的关系,在SRM模型中加入蒸发损失量,并采用改进后的SRM模型构建流域分布式冰雪融水径流模型,模拟结果表明改进后的分布式SRM冰雪融水径流模型能够对缺乏径流资料且以冰雪融水径流为主的流域径流过程进行模拟预报,同时可以用于相应流域冰雪融水径流对气候变化的响应分析研究;(2)对于降雨径流过程模拟,文中以秦岭北麓陕西省黑河金盆水库控制流域为研究对象,根据流域的降雨径流特点以及流域水文模拟研究现状,选择TOPMODEL模型进行流域汛期的降雨径流过程模拟。根据TOPMODEL模型结构特点,对模型的蒸发模块、产流模块及汇流模块进行改进,使其更具有分布式水文模型的特点,同时又能考虑流域土地覆被情况。通过模拟对比分析表明改进后的TOPMODEL模型可以更好地对研究流域的降雨径流过程进行模拟,为湿润、半湿润以及半干旱地区的降雨径流过程模拟分析提供一个可行的模拟方法;(3)对水循环具有“自然—人工”的二元模式流域或区域,以陕西省石头河水库控制流域和下游灌区为研究对象,根据区域遥感、水文气象数据资料以及灌区输水渠道工程资料,将分布式TOPMODEL模型、水量平衡模型、渠道非恒定水流模拟模型相耦合,构建区域考虑人工侧支输配水过程的分布式水文模型。通过对研究区域的水文循环过程模拟,表明构建的耦合分布式模型能够较好的对流域的水循环过程进行模拟,对区域的水资源配置和工程安全运行具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The study of watershed hydrological process simulation is helpful for people to understand and understand the hydrological cycle process more clearly. In order to more effectively and reasonably planning and utilization of water resources. This paper respectively aimed at the natural river basin water cycle process and the "natural and artificial" dual characteristics of the basin water cycle process. The distributed hydrological model and the distributed coupling model are used to simulate the process of water cycle in the study area. The following results are obtained: 1) the simulation of the process of ice and snow meltwater runoff is carried out by using the distributed hydrological model and the distributed coupling model. Based on the data of hydrology, meteorology and snow and ice cover in the basin controlled by Xinjiang Tashkurgan River Irrik Hydrologic Station, this paper chooses SRM model to simulate the hydrological process of the basin. Aiming at the structural defects of SRM model, according to the relationship between water vapor pressure and evaporation, the evaporation loss is added to the SRM model, and the improved SRM model is adopted to construct the watershed distributed ice and snow melt runoff model. The simulation results show that the improved distributed SRM model can simulate and forecast the runoff process of watershed which is lack of runoff data and is dominated by ice and snow meltwater runoff. At the same time, it can be used to analyze the response of snow and ice melt runoff to climate change. 2) for the simulation of rainfall runoff process, this paper takes the Heihe Jinpan reservoir control basin in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains as the research object, according to the characteristics of rainfall runoff and the present situation of hydrological simulation of the basin. According to the structural characteristics of the TOPMODEL model, the evaporation module, the runoff generation module and the confluence module of the model are improved. It has the characteristics of distributed hydrological model. At the same time, the land cover can be taken into account. The simulation results show that the improved TOPMODEL model can better simulate the rainfall runoff process of the watershed, and it is humid. The simulation analysis of rainfall runoff process in semi-humid and semi-arid areas provides a feasible simulation method. (3) the basin or region with a "natural and artificial" dual model for water cycle is studied by remote sensing based on the control basin of Shunhe Reservoir and the irrigation area of the lower reaches of Shaanxi Province. The hydrometeorological data and the engineering data of water conveyance channel in irrigation area are coupled with distributed TOPMODEL model, water balance model and channel unsteady flow simulation model. A distributed hydrological model considering artificial collateral water delivery process was constructed. The hydrological cycle process of the studied area was simulated. The results show that the coupled distributed model can well simulate the water circulation process of the watershed, and has certain guiding significance for the allocation of water resources and the safe operation of the project.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P333

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