变化环境下河流健康评价研究进展

发布时间：2018-02-05 02:09

本文关键词： 河流健康河流生态系统变化环境评价指标评价方法　出处：《水利水电科技进展》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：全球以温度升高为主要特征的气候变化耦合人类活动影响,造成了全球性变化环境背景下大范围的水资源危机、水环境污染和水生态退化问题,威胁河流健康,已成为当今世界各国急需解决的难题。针对变化环境背景,分别从河流健康的概念和内涵、河流健康评价的内容、方法及应用等方面,评述近年来国内外河流健康评价的研究进展。将河流健康定义为,特定时期一定的社会公众价值体系下,在保障河流自身基本生存需求的前提下,能够持续地为人类社会提供高效合理的生态服务功能,并实现服务功能综合价值最大化。在前人研究基础上,指出变化环境下河流健康评价研究存在的主要问题,如河流健康概念及内涵仍存在争议,河流健康变化的驱动机制尚不明确,河流健康评价的理论及方法有待完善,河流健康评价实践滞后及评价结果未能有效指导河流管理等。提出变化环境下河流健康评价的发展趋势:以流域为基本空间尺度结合多时间尺度开展河流健康评价与调控研究,因地制宜开展河流健康评价指标体系及评价标准研究,开展基于3S等技术的河流健康评价研究,建立长期且全面的河流健康监测网络,科学界定河流健康的"基准点",以及开展河流健康评价与水资源调控的集成研究等。
[Abstract]:Climate change, which is characterized by global warming, coupled with human activities, has caused a wide range of water crisis, water environmental pollution and water ecological degradation in the context of global changing environment, threatening the health of rivers. According to the background of changing environment, the concept and connotation of river health, the content, method and application of river health evaluation have become an urgent problem in the world. This paper reviews the research progress of river health assessment at home and abroad in recent years. It defines river health as the premise of ensuring the basic survival needs of rivers under a certain social public value system in a certain period of time. Can continue to provide efficient and reasonable ecological services for human society, and to maximize the comprehensive value of service functions. On the basis of previous studies. It is pointed out that the main problems in the research of river health evaluation under changing environment, such as the concept and connotation of river health are still controversial, and the driving mechanism of river health change is not clear. The theory and method of river health evaluation need to be improved. The practice of river health evaluation lags behind and the evaluation results fail to guide river management effectively. The development trend of river health assessment under changing environment is put forward. The river health assessment and regulation were carried out with watershed as the basic spatial scale and multi-time scale. According to local conditions, the research of river health evaluation index system and evaluation standard should be carried out, and the river health evaluation research based on 3s technology should be carried out, and a long-term and comprehensive river health monitoring network should be established. Scientific definition of "reference points" for river health, and integrated research on river health assessment and water resources regulation and control, etc.
【作者单位】：新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院;西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(51409226) 新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2013S11)
【分类号】：TV213.4;X824
【正文快照】： 河流是地球上多样化生态系统中最重要的生态系统之一。从系统的角度,河流具有较强的抗干扰能力,但外界干扰超过其自我修复能力后,河流会发生不可逆退化,并导致诸多项服务功能的下降甚至消失。全球环境变化早在20世纪80年代就成为国际学术界关注的热点问题[1]。近年来,全球以温

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