近60年长江荆江三口水沙变化过程及对洞庭湖的影响

发布时间：2018-02-22 10:51

本文关键词： 荆江三口水沙人类活动影响因素洞庭湖　出处：《水土保持研究》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：荆江三口的水沙变化过程是影响洞庭湖发育的重要环节,对洞庭湖的稳定扮演着重要的角色。通过对荆江三口五站1951—2014年的水沙观测数据进行系统分析,着重研究长江荆江三口近60年水沙变化过程及影响因素,并探讨水沙变化对洞庭湖的影响。结果表明:近60年荆江三口分泄长江径流量、输沙量均呈显著的减少趋势,也导致三口五站中的四站出现功能性断流,且断流天数呈明显增加的趋势;洞庭湖区降水量减少、水利枢纽工程等人类活动是影响三口水沙变异的主要驱动因素;荆江三口水沙变化对湖盆结构及洞庭湖形态起着重要的调控与制约作用,其分泄水沙能力的减小也导致了洞庭湖湖面面积萎缩、容积缩小,不过洞庭湖寿命随着水沙的衰减而增加。正确认识荆江三口水沙变化规律及其对洞庭湖的影响,可为三口地区水资源的开发利用、洞庭湖的综合管理提供理论基础和实践经验。
[Abstract]:The variation process of water and sediment in Jingjiang three estuaries is an important link affecting the development of Dongting Lake, and plays an important role in the stability of Dongting Lake. Based on the systematic analysis of the observation data of water and sediment from 1951 to 2014 at three ports and five stations of Jingjiang River, The changes of water and sediment in Jingjiang River in recent 60 years and its influence on Dongting Lake are studied. The results show that the runoff and sediment discharge of Jingjiang River at three ports of Jingjiang River in the last 60 years are obviously decreasing. It also leads to functional disconnection in four of the three ports and five stations, and the days of the breakage are obviously increasing, and the precipitation in Dongting Lake region is reduced, and human activities such as water conservancy project are the main driving factors affecting the variation of water and sediment in the three ports. The change of water and sediment in the three mouth of Jingjiang River plays an important role in regulating and restricting the structure of the lake basin and the shape of Dongting Lake. However, the life span of Dongting Lake increases with the decline of water and sediment. A correct understanding of the variation law of water and sediment in three ports of Jingjiang River and its influence on Dongting Lake can provide a theoretical basis and practical experience for the development and utilization of water resources in Sankou area and the comprehensive management of Dongting Lake.
【作者单位】：六盘水师范学院旅游与历史文化学院;六盘水师范学院数学与信息工程学院;
【基金】：贵州省科学技术资助项目(黔科合LH字[2015]7632号);贵州省科学技术资助项目(黔科合LH字[2014]7451号) 贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字[2015]445号)
【分类号】：P333;P343.3

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