兴城市头道沟小流域河道治理效果评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 15:15

本文选题：河道治理　切入点：指标体系　出处：《东北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,河流受到来自人为的干扰愈演愈烈,筑坝、分流、裁弯取直、河岸(道)固化等,扰乱了河流自然形态与水循环过程,导致河流水质恶化、形态结构破坏、河岸植被带退化、河流生态系统被破坏、水生环境退化等种种问题。河道作为河流的通道和水体环境的重要载体,其治理过程及结果将直接影响河流本身及周围生态环境。因此,河道的治理对于改善河流环境,满足人类生活需求等方面起到重要作用。河道的治理是一个循序渐进的过程,其治理效果也需要一个科学、系统、全面的评价方法来判定。本文通过对头道沟河道治理措施及其配置情况的调查研究分析,总结归纳出头道沟小流域河道多功能治理模式及治理特色,并针对各项治理措施达预期效果筛选出相适应的评价指标,建立评价指标体系,最后基于AHP法对头道沟河道从功能效果、生态效果、亲水效果及景观效果四个方面进行综合评价。本研究以兴城市头道沟小流域河道治理为对象,探索头道沟河道治理措施及其配置情况,通过建立一套适用于头道沟小流域地域特征的河道治理效果评价指标体系,并确定了相关的评价标准。对各项措施及其配置的治理效果从功能效果、生态效果、亲水效果及景观效果四个方面进行综合评价。初步评价结果表明： (1)功能效果评价方面,防洪措施损坏率得分最高(7分),说明对于河道泄洪功能有了初步保障,但在今后每次洪涝灾害后,相关部门都应对防洪措施进行检查和维护,确保措施的安全性能,保证周围居民的人身、财产安全。蓄水量及雨洪资源利用率得分适中(5分),说明拦蓄坝工程基本蓄水功能得以满足,雨洪资源的利用保证了头道沟小流域农田灌溉用水需求,解决了村民的饮水困难问题,同时实现水面养殖,提高了当地的经济效益。 (2)生态效果评价方面,水体连续性得分最高(7分),是由于拦蓄坝工程中设置闸门的作用,使河道在枯水期也有足够的蓄水保证水体的连续性；植物多样性得分最低(3分),这是由于在头道沟河道治理后期,相关管理部门并没有对河岸植被进行管理与维护,导致河岸生境的生态状况相对较差,但整体水平仍高于未进行治理的河段。 (3)亲水效果评价及景观效果评价方面,各指标评价分数相对较平均且分值较高,特别是群众满意度及景观认同度这两个由群众打分的评价指标,说明在治理过程中,由于亲水设施及景观设施的融入,使得头道沟河道成为一个供附近居民及游人娱乐的亲水平台和旅游景观,受到广大群众的认同与喜爱。 (4)头道沟河道整体加权综合评价结果为3.014,治理效果综合评价指标等级为良,说明现阶段头道沟河道治理在功能效果、生态效果、亲水效果及景观效果方面已取得了良好的成效,在保证自身防洪安全的同时,实现了多功能开发治理,后续的管理与维护工作也需受到一定的重视。
[Abstract]:In recent years, rivers have been increasingly disturbed by man-made disturbances, such as damming, diversion, cutting and straightening, river bank solidification and so on, which disturb the natural form and water cycle process of rivers, and lead to the deterioration of river water quality and the destruction of morphological structure. Riparian vegetation degradation, river ecosystem destruction, aquatic environment degradation and other problems. River as a channel and an important carrier of the water environment, The process and results of the river management will directly affect the river itself and the surrounding ecological environment. Therefore, the river channel management plays an important role in improving the river environment and meeting the needs of human life. The regulation of river course is a gradual process, and its effect also needs a scientific, systematic and comprehensive evaluation method to judge. This paper summarizes and summarizes the multi-function control mode and characteristics of the river course in the small watershed of Toutaogou, and selects the suitable evaluation indexes according to the expected effects of the various control measures, and establishes the evaluation index system. Finally, based on the AHP method, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out in four aspects: function effect, ecological effect, hydrophilic effect and landscape effect. This research takes the river course management of the small watershed of Toudaogou in Xingcheng city as the object, probes into the regulation measures and the disposition of the river channel of the headway ditch, and establishes a set of evaluation index system of the river course treatment effect which is suitable for the regional characteristics of the small watershed of the Tudaogou river. Finally, the related evaluation criteria were determined. The effects of the measures and their disposition were evaluated from four aspects: function effect, ecological effect, hydrophilic effect and landscape effect. The preliminary evaluation results showed that:. (1) in the evaluation of function effect, the damage rate of flood control measures has the highest score (7 points), indicating that there is a preliminary guarantee for flood discharge function, but after each flood disaster in the future, the relevant departments should check and maintain the flood control measures. To ensure the safety performance of the measures, to ensure the safety of the people and property of the surrounding residents. The scores of water storage and utilization ratio of rain and flood resources are moderate (5 points), which shows that the basic water storage function of the dam retaining works can be satisfied. The utilization of rain and flood resources can ensure the demand of irrigation water for farmland in the small watershed of Tudaogou, solve the difficulty of drinking water for villagers, realize water surface culture and improve the local economic benefit at the same time. (2) in the aspect of ecological effect evaluation, the water body continuity score is the highest (7 points), because of the function of sluice gate in the retaining dam project, so that there is enough water storage to ensure the continuity of the water body in the dry season; The lowest score of plant diversity (3 points) was due to the fact that in the late stage of Tudaogou river course management, the relevant management departments did not manage and maintain the riparian vegetation, which resulted in the relatively poor ecological condition of riparian habitats. But the overall level is still higher than the unmanaged reach. (3) in the evaluation of hydrophilic effect and landscape effect, the evaluation scores of each index are relatively average and higher, especially the satisfaction degree of the masses and the degree of landscape identity, which are the two evaluation indexes scored by the masses, which indicate that in the process of governance, Due to the integration of hydrophilic facilities and landscape facilities, the Toutaogou River has become a hydrophilic platform and tourist landscape for nearby residents and tourists to entertain, which is recognized and loved by the masses. (4) the overall weighted comprehensive evaluation result of Tudaogougou river is 3.014, and the comprehensive evaluation index grade of treatment effect is good, which indicates that good results have been achieved in the function effect, ecological effect, hydrophilic effect and landscape effect of Tudaogou river treatment at present. In order to ensure the safety of flood control, multifunctional development and management are realized, and the subsequent management and maintenance should be paid more attention to.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV85

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