生物滞留设施在北方滨水地区的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-03-06 10:08

本文选题：生物滞留设施　切入点：基质填料　出处：《吉林建筑大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展，城市化进程的加快，使得城区道路硬化路面（ImperviousCover,IC）比率不断增加。地表植被覆盖率降低，雨水不能被地表植物截留下渗涵养地下水，只能形成道路径流。同时雨水径流污染情况也比较严重，径流雨水污染物主要包括有机物，氮素，磷素，重金属，病原体等。世界各个国家相继提出许多雨水径流管理措施从而减少和控制大规模雨水径流引发的洪涝灾害和水环境污染。目前比较提倡的做法是将雨水径流通过小规模分散措施低影响地逐步排除，主要通过植物截留和土壤下渗使雨水径流涵养地下水源，从源头上控制大规模雨水径流的形成，达到防微杜渐的效果。这种理念被称为低影响开发的理念（LowImpactDevelopmentLID）。这种雨洪管理措施能够将雨水径流所带来的洪涝灾害以及径流对水资源的污染，危害程度降低到最低。当暴雨强度较大时径流量也变得较大，当径流量超过排水管网的最大承受能力时就会形成内涝灾害。雨水径流的中的污染物质如果不经过处理直接排放到河流水体当中会造成巨大的污染，径流中的氮素磷素污染物质排放到河流中很容易造成赤潮和水华等灾害的发生。生物滞留设施作为一种能够有效调节城市雨水径流，减缓城市洪涝灾害以及进一步改善径流雨水水质的生物处理单元应运而生。这种生物滞留单元目前来看是国内外比较推崇的最佳雨水径流管理措施。在我国北方滨水地区有着良好的应用前景，如何能够合理有效的应用生物滞留设施适应满足目标地区的生态水文条件一直都是国内外学者研究的重要课题。本研究从分子结构，物理形态，形状功能等方面详细介绍了四种常见的吸附基质（火山岩，沸石，凹凸棒土，草炭土）作为生物滞留设施填料层对于径流雨水水质的净化作用以及经济效益评价分析。总结了国内外生物滞留设施的研究方法以及适用条件，对适应我国北方滨水地区集安市的生物滞留设施进行改良试验。通过静态土柱试验确定了最佳填料层的填料配比。研究了单一填料层设施、接种微生物设施以及种植植物后完整的生物滞留设施对雨水径流水质改善的贡献，对污染物质的净化去除机理进行了阐述。实验采用恒水头法测量了基质填料、混合填料的渗透率。遵循水质改善条件和径流雨水在填料层水力停留时间相平衡的原则对装置设施填料层进行了设计。本文对适合目标地集安市的生物滞留设施设计完成后做了多次模拟降雨实验，，实验结果证明了新型生物滞留设施能够满足集安市的发展条件，在削减了暴雨径流的同时也大幅度的改善了径流雨水的水质。设施具有一定的景观效益，在解决了径流雨水带来的一系列水环境问题的同时也能够美化环境，实现生态保护和城市规划发展相结合的宏伟目标。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the ratio of hardened roads in urban areas is increasing. The coverage of vegetation is reduced, and Rain Water can not be stopped by the surface plants to conserve groundwater. Only road runoff can be formed. At the same time, the pollution from Rain Water runoff is also quite serious. The pollutants mainly include organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals. Various countries in the world have put forward many runoff management measures to reduce and control flood disasters and water environmental pollution caused by large-scale Rain Water runoff. Small scale dispersion measures are phased out with low impact, Mainly through plant interception and soil infiltration to enable Rain Water runoff to conserve underground water sources, and to control the formation of large-scale Rain Water runoff from the source. The idea is called low impact Development LID.These rain and flood management measures can bring about floods and water pollution caused by Rain Water's runoff. The degree of damage is reduced to the lowest. When the rainstorm intensity is greater, the runoff becomes larger, When the runoff exceeds the maximum capacity of the drainage network, waterlogging will occur. The pollutants from Rain Water's runoff will cause enormous pollution if discharged directly into the river water without treatment. The discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from runoff into rivers can easily lead to the occurrence of disasters such as red tide and Shui Hua. As a kind of biological detention facility, it can effectively regulate the runoff of urban Rain Water. The biological treatment unit to mitigate urban flood disaster and further improve the water quality of runoff Rain Water came into being. At present, this kind of biological retention unit is regarded as the best runoff management measure of Rain Water in the north of China. Waterfront area has a good application prospects, How to apply biological detention facilities reasonably and effectively to meet the ecological and hydrological conditions in the target area has always been an important research topic for domestic and foreign scholars. In this study, four kinds of common adsorptive matrix (volcanic rock, zeolite, attapulgite, etc.) were introduced in detail from the aspects of molecular structure, physical morphology, shape function and so on. Peat soil) as the packing layer of biological retention facilities for the purification of runoff Rain Water water quality and economic evaluation analysis, summarized the domestic and foreign biological retention facilities research methods and applicable conditions, An improved experiment was carried out on the biological detention facilities in Ji'an City, a waterfront area in the north of China. The optimum packing ratio was determined by static soil column test. The single packing layer facility was studied. The contribution of inoculation microorganism facilities and intact biological retention facilities after planting plants to the improvement of Rain Water's runoff water quality and the mechanism of purifying and removing pollutants were expounded. The substrate fillers were measured by constant water head method. According to the principle of water quality improvement condition and runoff Rain Water's equilibrium in the hydraulic retention time of packing bed, the facility packing layer was designed. In this paper, after the design of biological detention facilities suitable for the target city of Ji'an has been completed, a number of simulated rainfall experiments have been carried out. The experimental results show that the new biological detention facilities can meet the development conditions of Ji'an city. While reducing rainstorm runoff, it has also greatly improved the water quality of runoff Rain Water. The facility has certain landscape benefits. It can also beautify the environment while solving a series of water environmental problems brought about by runoff Rain Water. Realize the grand goal of combining ecological protection and urban planning and development.
【学位授予单位】：吉林建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

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