人类活动对鄱阳湖泥沙收支平衡的影响

发布时间：2018-03-06 17:31

本文选题：泥沙平衡　切入点：鄱阳湖　出处：《地理科学》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以鄱阳湖流域内的赣江、抚河、信江、饶河和修水(五河)和鄱阳湖为研究对象,利用水文控制站的水文资料,分析了各流域内主要河流的入湖泥沙和鄱阳湖出湖泥沙特征,对鄱阳湖泥沙收支平衡进行了分析。结果表明:1 1955~2010年五河总入湖泥沙811.69 Mt,其中赣江(占59.7%)信江(占13.7%)修河(占10.2%)抚河(占9.7%)饶河(占6.7%);2径流量是影响入湖输沙量的最主要因素,入湖泥沙与入湖径流的季节特征一致;3水库的蓄水拦沙作用是五河入湖泥沙下降的主要原因,但水库对入湖泥沙的影响强度与水库库容和集水区的植被覆盖状况有关;植被覆盖变化对赣江、抚河、饶河和修河的入湖输沙量的影响明显;4 1955~2010年,鄱阳湖总出湖泥沙560.10 Mt,其中1955~2000年出湖泥沙量呈降低趋势,但受鄱阳湖采砂影响,2001年以来出湖泥沙显著增加;丰水季长江水对鄱阳湖的顶托和倒灌,使出湖泥沙与出湖径流在时间上不同步;三峡工程的运行改变了(长)江(鄱阳)湖之间的水动力关系,长江倒灌泥沙显著减少;5受鄱阳湖采砂的影响,鄱阳湖泥沙平衡系统由净沉积转变为净侵蚀,1955~2000年入湖泥沙大于出湖泥沙,年均泥沙沉积约为1.41 mm;2001~2010年出湖泥沙大于入湖泥沙,加上采砂输出沙量,2001~2010年鄱阳湖泥沙净减少2 213.65 Mt。
[Abstract]:Taking Ganjiang River, Fuhe River, Xinjiang River, Rao River, Xiushui River (five Rivers) and Poyang Lake in Poyang Lake Basin as the research object, using the hydrological data of hydrological control station, the sediment of main rivers in each basin and the sediment characteristics of Poyang Lake are analyzed. The balance of sediment budget and budget in Poyang Lake was analyzed. The results showed that the sediment of the five rivers in the Poyang Lake was 811.69 Mt from 1995 to 2010, in which Ganjiang River (59. 7%) Xinjiang River (13. 7%) Xiu River (10. 2%) Rao River (6. 7%) and Rao River (6. 7%) were the most important factors affecting the sediment transport into the lake. The seasonal characteristics of sediment entering the lake and runoff into the lake are consistent with that of reservoir No. 3, which is the main reason for the decrease of sediment into the lake. However, the influence intensity of the reservoir on the sediment into the lake is related to the reservoir capacity and the vegetation coverage in the catchment area. The effect of vegetation cover change on sediment discharge of Ganjiang River, Fuhe River, Rao River and Xiuhe River is obvious from 4 1955 to 2010. The total sediment of Poyang Lake is 560.10 Mt, and the sediment quantity of Lake from 1955 to 2000 is decreasing. However, due to the influence of sand mining in Poyang Lake, the sediment from the lake has increased significantly since 2001, and the topping and pouring of Yangtze River water to Poyang Lake in the high water season make the sediment of the lake and runoff of the lake out of sync in time. The operation of the three Gorges Project has changed the hydrodynamic relationship between the (Changjiang) River (Poyang) lakes, and the inverted sediment in the Yangtze River has been significantly reduced by sand mining in Poyang Lake. The balance system of sediment in Poyang Lake changed from net sediment to net erosion from 1955 to 2000. The average annual sediment deposition was about 1.41 mm ~ (-1) mm ~ (th) from 2001 to 2010, and the sediment output of Poyang Lake decreased by 2213.65 Mt during the period of 2001 ~ 2010.
【作者单位】：江西师范大学/鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室;江西师范大学地理与环境学院;江西师范大学/江西省鄱阳湖综合治理与资源开发重点实验室;江西省水土保持科学研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41261069;41401311) 江西省重大生态安全问题监控协同创新中心资助项目(JXS-EW-00)资助~~
【分类号】：TV14;P343.3

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