龙滩—岩滩电站联合生态优化调度研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 09:04

本文选题：径流演变　切入点：水文改变度　出处：《广西大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在梯级水电站实现更安全的防洪保障、更大的发电效益、以及提供优质供水的同时,其强大的径流调节能力亦对河流的天然生态系统造成空前的压力。河流的破碎化、径流过程的均一化等不可避免的对环境产生胁迫效应,进而不同程度地干扰了流域原始的生态过程和生物生存繁衍所依赖的生境。为了可持续地利用水资源,需针对特定河流计算其合适的生态需水量和频次的洪水脉冲,并在整个流域上选择具有调节能力的一座或几座水库在考虑下游河流生态需水要求的基础上,进行联合生态调度,以缓解或部分消除人类筑坝活动对生态环境的负面影响。基于此,本文选取红水河上龙滩-岩滩梯级水库为研究对象。通过Mann-Kendall法和复Morlet小波分析法,对红水河段天然河道径流特征予以分析,径流生态胁迫起始年份为2004年。采用RVA法分析胁迫后径流改变程度,结果显示红水河段综合水文改变度已达58.47%,属于中度改变。运用逐月最小生态流量以及逐月适宜频率流量等算法计算生态流量,兼顾下游四大家鱼产卵对于洪水脉冲的特殊需求,从生态基流和洪水脉冲两方面对梯级下泄流量进行调控研究。根据不同生态约束条件,设置四种生态调度方案：基本工程约束方案、最小生态流量约束方案、逐月适宜频率生态流量约束方案以及人工造峰—最小生态流量约束方案,对比分析各生态调度方案损失的发电效益。结果显示：单纯设置较高的生态基流会较为严重的影响发电效益,且在来水较枯年份无足够水量与调节能力实现；而将生态基流与人造洪峰结合调度的模式可在几乎不损失发电量的前提下对河流下游特定生物的需水量与形态进行弥补。为流域生态修复研究提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:While achieving safer flood control protection, greater power generation efficiency and high quality water supply for cascade hydropower stations, their strong capacity for regulating runoff also creates unprecedented pressures on the natural ecosystem of rivers, such as the fragmentation of rivers, The homogenization of runoff process inevitably produces the stress effect on the environment, and then interferes with the original ecological process of the watershed and the habitat on which the survival and reproduction of living things depend in varying degrees. For the sustainable use of water resources, the appropriate ecological water requirements and frequency of flood pulses need to be calculated for specific rivers, In order to mitigate or partially eliminate the negative impact of human damming activities on the ecological environment, one or several reservoirs with regulating capacity are selected for joint ecological regulation on the basis of considering the ecological water requirements of the downstream rivers. Based on this, this paper selects Longtan Yantan Cascade Reservoir on Hongshui River as the research object, through Mann-Kendall method and complex Morlet wavelet analysis method, the characteristics of natural channel runoff in Hongshui River reach are analyzed. The beginning year of runoff ecological stress was 2004. The degree of runoff change after stress was analyzed by RVA method. The results show that the comprehensive hydrological change degree of Hongshui River reaches 58.47, which belongs to moderate change. The minimum ecological flow rate and the monthly appropriate frequency flow algorithm are used to calculate the ecological flow rate, and the special demand for flood pulse of the four major fish spawning downstream is taken into account. This paper studies the regulation and control of cascade discharge from two aspects of ecological base flow and flood pulse. According to different ecological constraint conditions, four ecological scheduling schemes are set up: basic project constraint scheme, minimum ecological flow constraint scheme, Monthly suitable frequency ecological flow constraint scheme and artificial peak-minimum ecological flow constraint scheme, The results show that the simple setting of high ecological base flow will seriously affect the power generation benefit, and there is not enough water and regulation capacity in the dry year of water supply. The model of combining ecological basic flow with artificial Hong Feng can make up for the water demand and form of specific organisms in the lower reaches of the river, which provides a new idea for the study of ecological restoration of river basin.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV737;TV213.4

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