秦淮区雨洪管理模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 18:29

本文选题：秦淮区　切入点：雨洪管理　出处：《东南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类文明依水而生,在与自然漫长的相处中人类学会如何避除雨洪灾害,如何利用雨洪资源。而当历史进程来到近现代之后,人类改造自然的力量由于工业革命带来的影响有了飞速的提升,城市里人口猛增,建筑高度和密度不断增加,城市加快扩张,对生态系统造成了恶劣的影响,这种影响是多方面而长远的。近二百年来,世界各国的大型城市均相继爆发过雨洪问题,具体表现在市政管网设施不足以在汛期排除城市内涝,城市在暴雨天气下丧失雨洪管理能力,水资源在质与量上呈现持续危机。为缓解这样的困境,美国、英国等多个国家尝试在市政管网系统之外实行新的雨洪管理实践,这些国家的雨洪管理的目标导向各有不同,所执行的实践方式也各有差异,但都遵从了雨洪的自然循环规律。在我国古代城市中早有对雨洪管理的智慧结晶,在进入现代后,城市中出现了与发达国家同样的雨洪问题,近年来,"海绵城市"理念在我国兴起,即城市能够像海绵一样,能够在汛期滞蓄雨水,也能够在旱季保住水分,提升城市生态系统功能和减少城市洪涝灾害的发生。秦淮区作为南京市的主城区之一,也是金陵文化的发祥地,其历史悠久,区域内河道数量较多,为秦淮河水系。主河道东南护城河—秦淮河——运粮河将城区分为3个区域,西北区域为中心已建成区,分布有新街口商业圈、老城南历史风貌区等,建筑密度较高,绿地相对较为零散;东北区域建成度相对较低,东部为高新技术产业园和待开发地块,市政基础设施尚不完善,加上地势低洼,是汛期雨洪灾害高危区;南部区域原为空军大校机场,周边分布有不少棚户区,现根据城市规划,大校机场已予搬迁,棚户区也正在征收中,这一区域将被打造成为"智慧新城"。南京市境内水系基本上都是过境水,所以包括秦淮区在内,在雨洪管理方面都要面对城市内涝和上游行洪的双重压力。秦淮区于2010年开展了雨污分流和排水达标区创建工程,对排水管网实施了提标改造,从改造成效来看,对解决城市积淹水现象是普遍有效的,目前主要的问题在于应对暴雨天气时的弹性能力不够以及水体污染严重;在组织体系方面,已成立水务部门独立综合实施水环境的整治工作,但在实际工作中,仍需要信息、管理的进一步整合。雨洪管理模式根据目标导向的不同可以分为径流控制目标导向、雨洪资源利用目标导向和回归自然生态目标导向。以这三种导向为基础,对秦淮区的雨洪管理模式提出有针对性的策略,同时指出,这三种导向的雨洪管理模式并不是孤立存在,而是相互依存、相互联系,在实际应用中,应遵循自然规律,实事求是、循序渐进地推进雨洪管理模式的全方位构建。然后,从城市的水系绿地、交通系统、建筑组团三个角度,以典型案例为代表,阐述秦淮区雨洪管理模式构建方法,提出优化措施。最后,结合雨洪的经济学属性和政府角色,从规划层级、建设层级、管理层级和高科技应用提出保障措施。
[Abstract]:The human civilization in the water, along with the natural process of human learn how to avoid the rain and flood disasters, how to use rainwater resources. And when the historical process to the modern transformation of human nature, the force due to the impact of the industrial revolution brought a rapid increase, the city population explosion, building height and density continue to increase, accelerate the city expansion, causing a bad influence to the ecosystem, the impact is multifaceted and long-term. In the past two hundred years, the large city all over the world have erupted stormwater problems, the specific performance is not sufficient to exclude City waterlogging in the flood season in the municipal pipe network facilities, stormwater management capacity in the city lost heavy rain weather, the water resources crisis has continued in terms of quality and quantity. To alleviate this dilemma, the United States, Britain and other countries to try to implement new stormwater management practices in addition to the municipal pipe network system. In some countries the stormwater management objectives are different, the implementation of the practice is also different, but they all comply with the natural cycle of rainwater. There is wisdom on flood management in China's ancient city, in the modern, appeared and developed countries the same rain flood in the city, in recent years, the rise of the sponge city "concept in our country, the city can be like a sponge, can in the flood storage and detention of rainwater, also can keep moisture in the dry season, improve the city ecosystem function and reduce the occurrence of flood disaster in city Qinhuai district. As one of the main urban area of Nanjing, is the birthplace Jinling culture, its long history, regional channel number is more, for the Qinhuai river. The main river southeast of the Qinhuai River, the moat river and Transportation District will be divided into 3 regions, the northwest regional center has been built, distributed with the Xinjiekou business circle, The old city historic district, high building density, green space is relatively scattered; northeast area is relatively low, the eastern high tech Industrial Park and the land to be developed, municipal infrastructure is still not perfect, and the low-lying, flood season rain and flood disasters in high-risk areas; the southern region was the Air Force Colonel around the airport the distribution of many shantytowns, according to city planning, the airport has been the relocation of Colonel, shantytowns are levied in this area will be built into the "smart city". Nanjing city rivers are basically crossing water, so in the District, including Qinhuai, stormwater management should face the dual pressures of city the flood and waterlogging. Qinhuai District in 2010 launched a project to create a diversion of rain and sewage and drainage standards, the implementation of drainage network reconstruction, from the transformation of the results, to solve the city plot flooding phenomenon is universal and effective At present, the main problem is the ability to deal with heavy rain when the elasticity is insufficient and serious water pollution; in the aspect of organization system, has established the water sector independent and comprehensive implementation of water environmental remediation work, but in practical work, still need further information integration management. Stormwater management mode according to the different goal orientation can be divided into runoff control goal orientation, goal orientation and goal oriented natural use of rainwater resources. Guided by the three based on the Qinhuai District stormwater management model proposed targeted strategies, and pointed out that the three oriented stormwater management model does not exist in isolation, but interdependent and contact each other, in the practical application, we should follow the laws of nature, seeking truth from facts, gradually advance the all-round construction of stormwater management mode. Then, from the green river, the city traffic system, construction From the three angles of group and typical cases, this paper expounds the construction methods of rain and flood management mode in Qinhuai area, and puts forward the optimization measures. Finally, combined with the economic attributes of rain and flood and the role of government, it puts forward safeguard measures from planning level, construction level, management level and high-tech application.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

【参考文献】