国内外水库退役标准对比与水库退役评估方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 18:28

本文选题：水库退役　切入点：标准　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文以陕西省现有退役中小型水库工程为对象,开展了深入细致的调查工作,把握了省内退役水库的安全现状;收集了国内国外多个水库退役标准文本,并对比分析了国内外水库退役标准的异同点,找出了我国水库退役标准存在的问题,提出了对我国水库退役标准的修改意见;建立了水库退役评估的层次分析方法模型,针对陕西榆林地区水库退役用提出的方法进行了评估,取得了较好的效果。论文得到的成果如下:(1)国内外水库退役标准的在安全、经济、生态环境方面高度一致。但是存在较多的不同之处,主要体现在以下方面:开展的基础及出发点;退役程序;对评估人员的资质要求;评估阶段流程划分;收集数据;评估模式;涉及的部门;拆坝费用;工程设计标准的确定;评估的依据;可操作性。(2)通过对比国内外水库退役标准,仔细分析我国水库退役标准,得到我国水库退役的标准不足之处主要体现在:出发点局限于成本效益;退役程序不合理;水库退役数据资料的收集不明确;评估模式不合理;水库退役费用来源严重依赖于政府拨款;对水库退役评估的从业人员资格没有要求;水库退役标准的可操作性差;水库退役标准对小型水库关注度低;水库退役生态环境影响评估不健全;水库退役宣传力度不够。(3)通过对比国内外水库退役标准,结合我国实际情况,提出了对我国水库退役标准的修改意见,应从以下方面进行完善:转变水库退役出发点;完善水库退役评估程序;明确水库退役需要收集的数据;充分考虑各利益相关方,让其参与到水库退役评估工作中;完善水库退役评估的模式;严格要求水库退役评估人员的资质,凭借资质证上岗;完善资金筹集方案;出台相关的技术标准;选择合理的退役方案;做典型水库退役案例,以提供参考;加强监测和监控;加强水库退役后的管理;做好宣传工作。(4)提出了基于层次分析法的水库退役评估体系。(5)针对陕西榆林地区水库退役用提出的方法进行了评估,评估结果较为真实可靠,证明了所建立的评估体系较为符合实际。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the existing retired small and medium-sized reservoir project in Shaanxi Province as the object, develops the thorough and meticulous investigation work, grasps the security present situation of the decommissioned reservoir in the province, collects the many domestic and foreign decommissioning standard texts, The similarities and differences of the domestic and foreign standards for the decommissioning of reservoirs are compared and analyzed, the problems existing in the standards of the decommissioning of reservoirs in our country are found out, the opinions of modifying the standards for the decommissioning of reservoirs in China are put forward, and the AHP model for the evaluation of the decommissioning of reservoirs is established. This paper evaluates the method of reservoir decommissioning in Yulin area, Shaanxi Province, and obtains good results. The results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1) the domestic and foreign reservoir decommissioning standards are safe and economical. The ecological environment is highly consistent, but there are many differences, mainly reflected in the following aspects: the basis and starting point of the development; the decommissioning procedure; the qualification requirements of the evaluators; the process division of the evaluation stage; the collection of data; The evaluation model; the department involved; the cost of dam demolition; the determination of engineering design standards; the basis of evaluation; operability;) by comparing the domestic and foreign standards for the decommissioning of reservoirs, the standards for the decommissioning of reservoirs in China are carefully analyzed. The inadequacies of obtaining the standard of reservoir decommissioning in our country are mainly reflected in: starting point is limited in cost benefit, decommissioning procedure is unreasonable, data collection of reservoir decommissioning is not clear, evaluation mode is unreasonable; The source of the reservoir decommissioning cost depends heavily on the government appropriation, there is no requirement for the qualification of the employee in the evaluation of the reservoir decommissioning, the operability of the reservoir decommissioning standard is poor, and the reservoir decommissioning standard has low attention to the small reservoir. By comparing the domestic and foreign standards for the decommissioning of reservoirs and combining with the actual situation in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions for revising the standards for the decommissioning of reservoirs in China. It should be perfected from the following aspects: changing the starting point of reservoir decommissioning; perfecting the evaluation procedure of reservoir decommissioning; clarifying the data collected for reservoir decommissioning; fully considering all stakeholders and allowing them to participate in the evaluation of reservoir decommissioning; Perfect the model of reservoir decommissioning evaluation; strictly require the qualification of reservoir decommissioning appraisal personnel, rely on the qualification certificate to take up posts; perfect the fund raising scheme; issue relevant technical standard; choose reasonable decommissioning plan; do typical reservoir decommissioning cases, In order to provide reference; to strengthen monitoring and monitoring; to strengthen the management of reservoir decommissioning; to do a good job of propaganda; to put forward the evaluation system of reservoir decommissioning based on analytic hierarchy process. (5) to evaluate the method of reservoir decommissioning in Yulin area of Shaanxi Province. The evaluation results are true and reliable, which proves that the established evaluation system accords with the reality.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV697

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