子牙河流域生态环境评价及生态需水研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 16:11

本文选题：子牙河流域　切入点：生态环境评价　出处：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,流域生态环境问题和系统本身的生态需水已受到越来越多的关注。流域的水资源评价也将生态环境因素和社会经济因素加入其中。本文以子牙河流域为研究对象,对流域的生态环境进行评价,并用适当模型计算流域生态需水量。主要研究内容如下:(1)以子牙河流域的统计资料为基础,从水资源子系统、社会经济子系统、生态环境子系统三个方面综合构建流域生态水资源复合系统评价指标体系,定量评价流域的水资源及生态环境。结果表明:21世纪00年代较20世纪70年代,水资源和生态环境指标减小,而社会经济指标增大,总指标减小。子牙河流域水资源西北部较好,东部较差。生态环境西部较好,南部较差。(2)运用FAO-56推荐的Penman-Monteith公式,结合作物系数法,模拟计算子牙河流域逐日植被蒸散发量。为考虑空间差异性,将流域的植被分为栽培植被、草丛、草甸、草原、灌丛、阔叶林和针叶林,共7类。按植被类别分别统计月模拟蒸发量和年模拟蒸发量,并与实测蒸发量进行比较。结果表明:2011、2012年7类植被的月模拟值整体模拟效果较好,R2都达到0.8以上。年模拟值总体上模拟效果较好,大部分相对误差在20%以下,五年平均相对误差均在15%以下。说明用彭曼蒙特斯公式结合作物系数法模拟区域的蒸散发量是合理可行的。(3)根据子牙河流域的已有气象数据和流域水面蒸发的实测数据,选择适当风速函数形式,并用相对湿度对模型进行修正,确定流域的道尔顿模型,模拟流域的水面蒸发量。结果表明:道尔顿模型能较好反映子牙河流域水面蒸发情况,与实际值拟合情况较好,平均相对误差?和相对误差在±20%以内的合格率η也符合要求。将该模型应用于滦河流域2007-2012年的蒸发,对模型进行验证,验证结果显示,该模型在滦河流域的模拟结果较好。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, More and more attention has been paid to the ecological environmental problems and the ecological water demand of the system itself. The evaluation of water resources in the basin also includes ecological environmental factors and social and economic factors. This paper takes Ziya River Basin as the research object. The ecological environment of the basin is evaluated, and the ecological water demand of the basin is calculated with the appropriate model. The main contents of the study are as follows: 1) based on the statistical data of Ziya River Basin, from the water resources subsystem, the socio-economic subsystem, The evaluation index system of watershed ecological water resources composite system is constructed in three aspects of ecological environment subsystem, and the water resources and ecological environment of river basin are evaluated quantitatively. The results show that in the 2000s of the 21st century compared with 1970s, The indexes of water resources and ecological environment decreased, but the social and economic indexes increased, and the total indexes decreased. The water resources of Ziya River basin were better in the northwest, worse in the east, and better in the western part of the ecological environment and worse in the south.) the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO-56 was used. Combined with crop coefficient method, the daily evapotranspiration of vegetation in Ziya River Basin was simulated and calculated. In order to consider the spatial difference, vegetation was divided into cultivated vegetation, grass bush, meadow, grassland, shrub, broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest. Seven categories. Monthly simulated evaporation and annual simulated evaporation were calculated according to vegetation type. Compared with the measured evaporation, the results show that the overall simulation effect of the monthly simulated values of 7 types of vegetation in 2012 is better than 0. 8. The annual simulation results are generally good, and the relative error of most of the simulated values is less than 20%. The average relative error of five years is below 15%. It is reasonable and feasible to simulate the evapotranspiration of the area by using the Penman Montes formula and crop coefficient method.) based on the available meteorological data of Ziya River Basin and the measured data of water surface evaporation in Ziya River Basin, Selecting proper wind speed function form, modifying the model with relative humidity, determining the Dalton model and simulating the evaporation of water surface, the results show that the Dalton model can better reflect the evaporation of water surface in Ziya River Basin. The average relative error is better than the actual value. The model is applied to the evaporation in Luanhe River Basin from 2007 to 2012, and the model is verified. The results show that the model is good in Luanhe River Basin.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X826;TV213.4

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