冲击墩、台阶与消能塘联合消能的试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 12:36

本文选题：消能工　切入点：冲击墩　出处：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：泄水建筑物消能工的选择是水能资源开发中重要的环节,泄洪消能过程中的安全问题是水利枢纽工程建设成功与否的重要因素之一。底流消能是一种常用的泄洪消能方式,它是利用水跃的形式来消除水体多余动能,通过修建消能塘使水跃发生其中。但是当上游来流流速较大时,往往仅通过单一消能塘并不能达到理想的消能效果,未充分消能的水流仍然会对下游河床造成冲刷破坏。工程中为增加消能效果,同时减少修建消能塘时的开挖量,通常采用辅助消能设施与消能塘联合运用的复合消能型式。本文结合某水利枢纽工程采用水工模型试验与理论计算相结合的方法研究了冲击墩、台阶与消能塘联合消能时水流的水力特性,研究结果表明,这种增加辅助消能设施的复合消能型式不仅可以平稳塘内水流,减轻对下游河床的冲刷,提高消能效率,还可以减小消能塘的开挖量,减少工程投资。该复合消能型式的研究结果可以为类似工程提供借鉴,同时为新型复合消能型式的进一步研究和推广应用有参考价值。本文研究内容主要有以下几点： 1.概述了泄洪消能的基本理论及其研究意义,并总结了进年来的研究进展。总结了泄洪消能的集中常见消能方式如底流消能、挑流消能、面流消能等的基本流态及其各自特点和应用条件。 2.总结了消能塘、冲击墩、台阶消能的基本水力特性,分析了顺坡上的台阶消能及逆坡上的台阶消能的特点。 3.结合实际工程,研究了冲击墩与消能塘联合消能的水力特性,总结了二者联合消能时自输水洞至消能塘沿程压强分布、水面线及流速的分布规律,并通过计算给出了冲击墩与消能塘联合消能的消能率。 4.通过水工模型试验研究了冲击墩、台阶与消能塘联合消能的水力特性,即沿程压强分布、水面线及流速分布规律,计算了该消能型式的消能率,并与不加台阶的消能型式进行了对比,结果表明增加台阶不仅可以减小开挖量,还可以提高消能率,增加消能效果。
[Abstract]:The selection of energy dissipators in water discharge structures is an important link in the development of hydropower resources. The safety problem in the process of flood discharge and energy dissipation is one of the important factors for the success of the construction of water conservancy projects. The energy dissipation at the bottom flow is a commonly used method of flood discharge and energy dissipation. It uses the form of water jump to eliminate the excess kinetic energy of water body, which is caused by the construction of energy dissipation pond. But when the upstream flow velocity is high, the energy dissipation effect can not be achieved by only a single energy dissipation pond. In order to increase the energy dissipation effect and reduce the excavation of the energy dissipation pond, the water flow with insufficient energy dissipation will still cause scour damage to the downstream riverbed. The composite energy dissipation type of auxiliary energy dissipation facilities and energy dissipation ponds is usually adopted. In this paper, the impact pier is studied in combination with hydraulic model test and theoretical calculation of a water conservancy project. Hydraulic characteristics of water flow under combined energy dissipation of step and energy dissipation pond. The results show that this kind of composite energy dissipation mode with additional auxiliary energy dissipation facilities can not only stabilize the flow of water in the pond, reduce the scour to the downstream riverbed, but also improve the efficiency of energy dissipation. It can also reduce the excavation amount of energy dissipation pond and reduce the project investment. The research results of the composite energy dissipation type can be used for reference for similar projects and for the further study and popularization of the new type of complex energy dissipation type. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. 1. The basic theory of flood discharge energy dissipation and its research significance are summarized, and the research progress in recent years is summarized. The basic flow patterns of surface flow energy dissipation and their respective characteristics and application conditions. 2. The basic hydraulic characteristics of energy dissipation pond, impact pier and step energy dissipation are summarized, and the characteristics of step energy dissipation along the slope and the step energy dissipation on the inverse slope are analyzed. 3. The hydraulic characteristics of the combined energy dissipation of the impingement pier and the energy dissipation pond are studied, and the distribution of the pressure, the water surface line and the velocity of the energy dissipation pond from the water conveyance tunnel to the energy dissipation pond are summarized. The energy dissipation rate of impact pier and energy dissipation pond is given by calculation. 4. The hydraulic characteristics of the combined energy dissipation of impact pier, step and energy dissipation pond are studied by hydraulic model test, that is, the distribution of pressure along the path, the distribution of water surface line and the velocity of velocity, and the energy dissipation rate of the energy dissipation type is calculated. The results show that increasing the step can not only reduce the excavation amount, but also increase the energy dissipation rate and energy dissipation effect.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV653;TV131.61

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