地下式水电站通风空调系统设计方案优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 07:11

本文选题：地下水电站　切入点：通风空调系统　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水力发电是可再生能源，对环境冲击较小，在全球能源危机的大背景下，我国目前正大力开发水电，进行水电站的建设。水电站地下厂房的通风空调系统主要功能是控制厂房内的热湿环境，以保证工艺设备的正常稳定运行及人员工作环境的舒适性。通过大量的水电站现场测试及相关文献的调研，了解到多数地下式水电站在进行通风空调系统方案设计时，存在问题，例如，对设备散热的特性认识不深刻，余热负荷计算值偏大；对于空气处理方案选择、系统设计风量的计算等各个方面，只是简单地根据经验进行选取，方案选择及设计风量的确定方法不明确；这些问题均可能导致系统设备容量与需求不匹配等后果。为此，本文将通过对系统设计方案优化这一问题展开探讨与研究，找到一种比较合理科学的方式来确定系统余热负荷，提出确定最优的空气处理方案及正确计算系统设计风量的方法。本文是国家自然科学基金资助面上项目（51178482）“深埋地下水电站热湿环境形成机理与节能调控”的研究内容之一。本文通过对水电站运行过程中各种设备的作用及其工作时间特点进行归纳，总结出水电站设备的散热特性，包括设备散热的强度特性、时间特性及空间特性。同时，对设备散热的热量传递特性进行分析，剖析设备发热量与余热负荷的关系。基于现有厂内设备散热量计算存在的问题，本文提出较为准确的厂内余热负荷的计算式，该公式能反映出实际设备工作时间及设备散热传递特性等情况，更为贴近厂内余热负荷的真实值。其次，本文归纳出主厂房通风空调系统8种可行的空气处理方案，，并分析系统设计风量的影响因素。按照所有场所的温湿度参数不超出设计值的原则，根据热湿平衡方程式，推导出各种空气处理方案与通风流程所对应的系统设计风量及空气处理设备冷量的确定方法。本文从可行性、调节性、环境影响、投资、能耗、运行费用等技术经济评价指标，对各个空气处理方案进行综合的对比分析，从而归纳出影响各个方案选择的因素。并对各个影响因素，即室外进风参数、地下进风洞对新风的预处理能力、厂内余热负荷进行更为深入的分析及确定，提出了空气处理方案优选方法。最后，以BHT电站为例，利用本文提出的方案优选方法，确定了电站的空气处理方案，并对该方案及其他方案做一系列的分析比较，分析结果表明利用优选方法选择出的方案是最科学的。所以，本文提出的方案优选方法具有可使用性及合理性。
[Abstract]:Hydropower is a renewable energy source, which has less impact on the environment. Under the background of the global energy crisis, our country is vigorously developing hydropower. The main function of the ventilation and air conditioning system of underground powerhouse of hydropower station is to control the thermal and wet environment in the factory building, so as to ensure the normal and stable operation of the process equipment and the comfort of the working environment of the personnel. Through a large number of site tests of hydropower stations and the investigation of related documents, it is found that most underground hydropower stations have some problems in the design of ventilation and air conditioning systems. For example, they do not have a deep understanding of the characteristics of equipment heat dissipation. The calculation value of waste heat load is on the high side, and the selection of air treatment scheme, the calculation of system design air volume, etc., are simply selected according to experience, and the method of scheme selection and design air volume determination is not clear. These problems may lead to the mismatch between system equipment capacity and demand. Therefore, this paper will discuss and study the optimization of system design scheme, and find a more reasonable and scientific way to determine the residual heat load of the system. This paper puts forward the method of determining the optimal air treatment scheme and calculating the design air volume of the system correctly. This paper is one of the research contents of the project 51178482 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "formation mechanism and energy saving regulation of thermal and wet environment of deep buried underground hydropower station". In this paper, the functions and working time characteristics of various equipments in the operation of hydropower station are summarized, and the heat dissipation characteristics of the equipment are summarized, including the intensity characteristic, time characteristic and space characteristic of the equipment. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of the equipment and the relationship between the heat emission of the equipment and the waste heat load, based on the problems existing in the calculation of the heat dissipation of the existing plant equipment, a more accurate formula for calculating the residual heat load in the plant is put forward in this paper. The formula can reflect the actual working time of the equipment and the heat transfer characteristics of the equipment, and is closer to the real value of the residual heat load in the plant. Secondly, this paper induces eight feasible air treatment schemes for ventilation and air conditioning system of main workshop, and analyzes the influencing factors of system design air volume. According to the principle that the temperature and humidity parameters of all places do not exceed the design value, according to the equation of heat and humidity balance, The method of determining the system design air volume and the cooling rate of air treatment equipment corresponding to various air treatment schemes and ventilation processes is derived. In this paper, the feasibility, adjustment, environmental impact, investment, energy consumption, operation cost and other technical and economic evaluation indicators are compared and analyzed. The factors that affect the selection of each project are summed up, and the factors, namely, outdoor air inlet parameters, underground wind tunnel's pretreatment capacity for fresh air, and the residual heat load in the plant, are analyzed and determined more deeply. Finally, taking BHT power station as an example, the air treatment scheme of the power station is determined by using the scheme optimization method proposed in this paper, and a series of analysis and comparison between the scheme and other schemes are made. The analysis results show that the scheme selected by the optimal selection method is the most scientific. Therefore, the scheme optimization method proposed in this paper is feasible and reasonable.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV735

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