莫高窟大泉河洪水设计的探讨

发布时间：2018-03-28 01:13

本文选题：莫高窟　切入点：大泉河　出处：《兰州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：莫高窟前大泉河是一条发源于祁连山南部山区的极小的内陆河,其整个流域地理位置及地形地貌比较特殊,流域降雨年内变化极不均匀,且降雨由南向北呈明显递减趋势。根据流域地形地貌,本文将流域分为三段：流域南段的源区属于野马山,其降雨量大、蒸发量较小、植被条件极差、山高坡陡；流域中间段为茫茫一百四戈壁,降雨量减少、植被条件一般,地势也比较平缓；流域北段下游区则是三危山,降雨更少、蒸发强烈、植被条件也较差,山势也比较险峻,降雨入渗小,暴雨会引起突发洪水。大泉河为莫高窟提供水源的同时频发的洪水对莫高窟文物的保护带来巨大威胁。本文针对大泉河流域比较特殊的流域特征、降雨条件及与莫高窟重要的关系,通过实地调查、资料收集进行大泉河洪水设计推求。由于大泉河流域历史资料稀缺,洪水研究较少,且实测设计参数也较少,因此本论文洪水设计的推求是一种探讨性的计算。通过分析研究区域邻近气象站敦煌、肃北气象站降雨资料得到两站不同频率年日最大降雨量,进而应用到研究区域。然后运用三种不同的方法(甘肃省暴雨水文图集瞬时单位线法、水科院小流域暴雨洪峰流量计算推理公式和甘肃省小流域暴雨洪峰流量计算经验公式)推求不同频率下洪峰流量。得到野马山段不同频率洪峰流量,大泉河在莫高窟断面的总洪峰为三段流域洪峰加权叠加：Qm=aQ上+bQ中+cQ下,加权系数视各段流域的造峰历时而定。
[Abstract]:The QianDaquan River in Mogao Grottoes is a very small inland river originating in the southern mountains of Qilian Mountains. The geographical location and topographical features of the whole basin are quite special, and the rainfall variation in the basin is extremely uneven. According to the topography and geomorphology of the watershed, the watershed is divided into three sections: the source area of the southern section of the basin belongs to the Mustang Mountain, with large rainfall, small evaporation, poor vegetation conditions, high and steep mountain slopes; The middle section of the basin is a vast 140 Gobi, with reduced rainfall, general vegetation conditions and relatively gentle topography; the lower reaches of the northern section of the basin are Sanwei Mountains, with less rainfall, strong evaporation, poor vegetation conditions, and steep mountains. Rainfall infiltration is small, rainstorm will cause sudden flood. Daquan River provides water source for Mogao Grottoes and frequent flood brings great threat to the protection of Mogao Grottoes. According to the special characteristics of Daquan River Basin, rainfall conditions and the important relationship with Mogao Grottoes, the flood design of Daquan River is studied through field investigation and data collection. Due to the scarcity of historical data in Daquan River Basin, The flood research and the measured design parameters are few, so the flood design in this paper is a kind of exploratory calculation. The rainfall data of Subei Meteorological Station obtained the maximum daily rainfall at two stations with different frequency and applied to the study area. Then three different methods were used (instantaneous unit line method of Gansu rainstorm hydrographic atlas). The calculation formula of torrential rain discharge by Hong Feng in small watershed of Shuikeyuan and experiential formula of calculation of torrential rain in small watershed of Gansu Province) were used to calculate the discharge of Hong Feng at different frequencies, and then the discharge of Hong Feng with different frequencies in the Mustang Mountain was obtained. The total Hong Feng of the Daquan River in the Mogao Grottoes section is a weighted superposition between the middle Q and the middle Q of the middle Q of the upper Q of the middle Q of the middle Q of the middle Q on the upper part of the middle Q of the middle Q of the middle Q of the upper Q of the three member watershed.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV122

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