黑龙江防凌爆破试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 18:23

本文选题：黑龙江　切入点：河冰　出处：《水利学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：炸药爆破冰盖或冰坝是防凌减灾的重要手段,确定爆破坑半径同炸药用量、冰盖厚度等相关影响变量的关系是有效实施爆破的前提。通过黑龙江上游江段现场防凌爆破试验研究,提出了防凌爆破的可靠方法和关键技术,建立了表达黑龙江冰凌爆破中冰盖厚度、冰下水深、炸药用量同爆破坑半径之间关系的公式。新公式预报的爆破坑半径值和实测值平均相对误差在8.5%以内。同已有的研究成果比较,本文论证了冰下水深对爆破坑半径的影响,所提出的爆破坑半径公式不仅适应于冰盖厚度小的河流,也适合高寒地区冰盖厚、强度大、水深浅的天然河流,且预报精度较高。研究成果应用到2015—2016年开河前黑龙江上游漠河江段防凌爆破中,确保该江段开河期间未发生冰塞和冰坝凌汛灾害。
[Abstract]:Explosive blasting ice cap or ice dam is an important means of ice prevention and mitigation. It is the premise of effective blasting to determine the relationship between blasting pit radius and explosive dosage, ice cover thickness and other related variables.Based on the field ice blasting test of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang River, the reliable methods and key techniques of the ice ice blasting are put forward, and the ice cover thickness and the water depth under the ice in the ice ice blasting in Heilongjiang are established.The formula of the relation between the quantity of explosive and the radius of blasting pit.The average relative error between the radius value and the measured value of the blasting pit predicted by the new formula is within 8.5%.Compared with the existing research results, this paper demonstrates the influence of water depth under ice on the radius of blasting pit. The formula of blasting pit radius is not only suitable for rivers with small ice cover thickness, but also suitable for thick ice sheet and high strength in high and cold regions.Natural rivers with shallow water depth and high prediction accuracy.The research results are applied to the anti-ice blasting in the Mohe section of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang River before Kaihe River in 2015-2016 to ensure that there are no ice slugs and ice dam ice flood disasters during the period of river opening.
【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室;黑龙江省防汛抗旱保障中心;
【基金】：公益性行业科研专项(201501025) 国家自然科学基金项目(51179209,51679263) 中国水科院基本科研业务费专项(HY0145C222016)
【分类号】：TV875

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