重庆市城镇水安全评价及保障体系研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 06:01

本文选题：城镇水安全 + 评价体系　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水安全问题是我国各大城市及城镇面临的严峻挑战,随着社会经济快速发展,人口剧增,对水资源量的需求加剧;同时工业化进程对城镇的污染造成水体环境恶化、水资源利用效率不高。国家创建资源节约型社会,走新型工业化的道路任重道远。我国大多城镇建设水平落后,水资源时空分布不均,水灾害频发,给水资源可持续安全利用造成巨大的压力。城镇水安全评价基于水安全问题的严峻性,对城镇水安全做出综合全面的分析评价,对城镇长远发展具有理论指导意义。文章在分析城镇水安全特点基础上,建立城镇水安全评价体系,从城镇水资源安全、城镇水环境安全、城镇水经济安全及城镇水灾害安全四个方面选取21个指标对城镇水安全进行全方面的描述,同时结合到南方湿润地区城镇特点,从中筛选17个指标建立重庆城镇水安全评价指标体系。在确定评价指标的基础上,文章采用模糊层次分析法建立城镇水安全二级模糊层次评价模型。用层次分析法确定各子系统层权重大小,以及各子系统包含的指标层的权重值;确定各指标的安全度划分标准后,采用相对隶属度原理,确定各指标的隶属度向量,再结合模糊综合分析法的原理进行一级评价,得到各子安全系统对城镇水安全的安全度,并对子系统的水安全等级进行排序,得到需要主要控制的子安全系统,二级评价综合各子系统的一级评价结果,得到城镇水安全整体安全度。文章将该方法模型运用到重庆城镇水安全评价中,对重庆水安全现状进行分析评价,得到重庆城镇水安全子系统的安全度排序为:水环境系统水灾害系统水资源系统水经济系统,水环境和水灾害系统处于较安全状态,水资源和水经济系统处于临界状态。重庆城镇整体水安全度为0.623,处于较安全水平。文章从水安全预警监控和可持续水安全保障两个方面建立城镇水安全保障机制。建立水安全预警机制和监控体系,并从水安全的法律体系、经济体系、技术体系、行政体系和公众参与体系建立可持续的水安全保障体系。为城镇水安全保障工作做出很好的指导,为城镇规划和发展做出理论支持和技术保障。
[Abstract]:The problem of water security is a severe challenge to every big city and town in our country. With the rapid development of social economy, the population increases dramatically, the demand for water resources is intensified, and the pollution of cities and towns in the process of industrialization results in the deterioration of the water body environment.Water resources use efficiency is not high.The country creates a resource-conserving society and takes a long way to go on the road of new-type industrialization.The backward construction level of most cities and towns in China, the uneven distribution of water resources in time and space, and the frequent occurrence of water disasters have brought great pressure to the sustainable and safe utilization of water resources.The evaluation of urban water security is based on the seriousness of water security. It is of theoretical significance to make comprehensive analysis and evaluation of urban water security for the long-term development of cities and towns.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of urban water security, this paper establishes an evaluation system of urban water security, which includes urban water resources security and urban water environment safety.In the four aspects of urban water economic security and urban water disaster safety, 21 indexes are selected to describe the urban water security in all aspects, and at the same time, the characteristics of cities and towns in humid areas of southern China are combined.The evaluation index system of Chongqing urban water security was established by selecting 17 indexes.On the basis of determining the evaluation index, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is used to establish the two-stage fuzzy hierarchy evaluation model for urban water security.Using AHP to determine the weight of each subsystem layer and the weight value of the index layer included in each subsystem, after determining the standard of the safety degree of each index, the relative membership degree principle is adopted to determine the membership degree vector of each index.Combined with the principle of fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, the first grade evaluation is carried out, and the safety degree of each sub-safety system to urban water safety is obtained, and the water safety grade of subsystems is sorted, and the sub-safety system which needs to be controlled mainly is obtained.The secondary evaluation synthesizes the first grade evaluation results of each subsystem and obtains the overall safety degree of urban water security.In this paper, the method model is applied to the evaluation of water safety in Chongqing, and the present situation of water safety in Chongqing is analyzed and evaluated.The order of safety degree of Chongqing urban water safety subsystem is as follows: water environment system water disaster system water resource system water economy system, water environment and water disaster system are in safe state, and water resource and water economy system are in critical state.The whole water safety degree of Chongqing city is 0.623, which is at a relatively safe level.In this paper, water security mechanism is established from two aspects of water security early warning monitoring and sustainable water security.Establish water safety early warning system and monitoring system, and establish sustainable water security system from water safety legal system, economic system, technical system, administrative system and public participation system.It provides good guidance for urban water security, theoretical support and technical support for urban planning and development.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV213.4

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