河道治理中湿地型生态岛植物适应性与水质净化能力研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 05:33

本文选题：湿地型生态岛 + 植物适应性　；参考：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前的人工浮岛技术和人工湿地技术,应用于城市河道中存在二次污染、管理难度大和影响景观、休闲和生态功能等不足之处。因此,探讨新型的生态修复技术对城市河道修复具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。湿地型生态岛结合人工湿地和生态岛技术两者的特点,创新了应用于城市河道水环境的生态修复技术。本文通过水生态试验研究基地中试和望山河城市河道实例,比较不同植物在传统生态岛和湿地型生态岛上的适应性、净化潜能和水质净化效果,分析适宜的植物-生态岛组合;比较污染水质下2种类型湿地型生态岛上植物的越冬情况、植物适应性和氮磷积累量,研究不同生态岛上适宜生长的植物和适宜植物生长的生态岛类型;分析湿地型生态岛在河道中降雨前后的水质净化效果。得出以下结论。1.中试试验中,从植物适应性和植物净化潜力方面分析,湿地型生态岛对植物生长和氮磷的积累量均高于常规型生态岛;鸢尾的适应性和净化潜力均高于芦苇。植物对水质的净化效果方面分析,种植植物的生态岛的污染去除率均高于无植物对照组;除NO3--N的去除效果外,湿地型生态岛对污染水质的净化效果高于常规型生态岛,对TN的去除率最低,硝态氮去除率最高。芦苇与鸢尾相较,除NO3--N的去除效果外,鸢尾的净化效果高于芦苇。2.城市河道中,鸢尾与黄菖蒲在苏州地区均可以常绿越冬。香蒲发芽期在3月左右,梭鱼草发芽期一般在3月中下旬至4月。发芽时间依次为:香蒲梭鱼草水葱。植物发芽率依次为梭鱼草水葱香蒲。在2014年1月-2014年10月期间,水质情况有所好转。高锰酸盐指数下降39.02%,TP浓度下降了44%,TN和NH3-N分别下降55.70%、67.2%,COD浓度和BOD浓度变化不大。3.A型生态岛更利于3种植物的株高和根数增加、植物生长和氮磷的积累,提高湿地系统去除氮磷的能力。A岛黄菖蒲、鸢尾、梭鱼草的总生物量和地下生物量大小为B岛的1.214、1.951、1.750倍和1.869、2.266、1.472倍。植物适应性和净化潜力分析最佳方案为:梭鱼草鸢尾黄菖蒲水葱。4.城市河道生态岛内部浓度高于生态岛外部。降雨时COD、BOD5含量上升较为明显,TP浓度有所降低,TN、NH3-N浓度变化不大。湿地型生态岛对河道污染物的去除起到一定作用。湿地型生态岛对河道的净化和生态景观效果均起到一定的作用,中和城市河道呆滞死板的现状,既提高水质净化-河道修复的效果,又在有限的空间中添加了景观效果,鸢尾和黄菖蒲在苏州地区可常绿越冬,适宜于冬季的城市河道治理,景观效果较好。
[Abstract]:At present, artificial floating island technology and constructed wetland technology are used in urban river channels with secondary pollution, difficult management and deficiencies such as affecting landscape, leisure and ecological functions.Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the new ecological restoration technology for urban river restoration.Combining the characteristics of constructed wetland and ecological island technology, the wetland ecological island has innovated the ecological restoration technology applied to urban river water environment.This paper compares the adaptability, purification potential and water quality purification effect of different plants on the traditional ecological island and wetland ecological island through the pilot test of water ecological experiment base and the example of Wangshan River city river channel, and analyzes the suitable combination of plant-ecological island.The overwintering situation, plant adaptability and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of two types of wetland ecological islands under polluted water quality were compared, and the suitable plants for different ecological islands and the suitable ecological island types for plant growth were studied.The purification effect of wetland ecological island before and after rainfall was analyzed.Draw the following conclusion.In the pilot-scale experiment, the plant growth and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of wetland ecological island were higher than that of conventional ecological island, and the adaptability and purification potential of Iris were higher than that of Reed.The results showed that the pollution removal rate of the plant ecological island was higher than that of the control group, except for the removal effect of NO3--N, the purification effect of the wetland ecological island was higher than that of the conventional ecological island.TN removal rate is the lowest and nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency is the highest.In addition to the removal effect of NO3--N, the purification effect of Reed was higher than that of Reed. 2.In urban river course, Iris and Acorus calamus can survive the winter evergreen in Suzhou area.The germinating period of cattail is about March, and that of barracuda is from late March to April.The sprouting time was as follows: barracuda barracuda and scallions.The germination rate of the plants was Barracuda barracuda, scallions and cattails in turn.Water quality improved between January 2014 and October 2014.The concentration of TN and NH3-N decreased by 55.70% and 55.70%, respectively. The change of BOD concentration and COD concentration were not significant. 3.3.A ecological island was more favorable to increase plant height and root number, plant growth and accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus.To improve the capacity of removing nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland system. The total biomass and underground biomass of Acorus calamus, Iris and barracuda were 1.750 times and 1.869 times of B island, respectively.The best scheme of plant adaptability and purification potential analysis is: pike, Iris iris, Acorus calamus, onion. 4.The internal concentration of urban river ecological island is higher than that of the outside of the ecological island.The content of COD _ (2) O _ (5) increased significantly during rainfall, and the concentration of TP decreased slightly. The concentration of NH _ 3-N of TNN did not change much.Wetland ecological islands play a certain role in the removal of river pollutants.Wetland ecological islands play a certain role in the purification of river channels and ecological landscape effects. The stagnant status of urban watercourses not only improves the effect of water purification and river restoration, but also adds the landscape effect to the limited space.Iris rubrum and Acorus calamus can live through the winter evergreen in Suzhou area, suitable for urban river treatment in winter, and the landscape effect is better.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X173;X522;TV85

【参考文献】