云南跨流域调水生态补偿机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 03:27

本文选题：云南 + 跨流域调水　；参考：《云南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的不断发展及人口的大量增长，水资源已经成为地区可持续发展的重要因子之一，尤其是对于云南省这一全国严重缺水的省份之一，干净的水资源显得弥足珍贵。但是由于水资源时空分布差异及水污染问题，造成云南省部分地区水资源相对丰富，而有些地区相对匮乏。为了缓解水资源供需间的矛盾，以及进一步合理配置水资源，跨流域调水工程势在必行。近年来，，随着大中小引水工程的实施，受水区的用水形势以及湖泊水环境均得到明显改善。同时为了保障工程的持续运行以及后期管理维护，亟待解决问题便是跨流域生态补偿。本文以定性评价和定量评价相结合的方式，通过实地调研对掌鸠河引水工程、牛栏江补水工程、清水海引水工程、引洱入宾工程以及抚仙湖调水工程的研究和分析，并结合工程关于生态补偿方面的资料，针对目前云南省调水工程，制定跨流域生态补偿机制，不仅为工程的持续运行以及后期管理维护提供保障，还为各个流域人口、资源和环境的可持续发展提供新思路。主要的研究成果如下： 1．掌鸠河引水工程水源区水资源量补偿费用为2.19亿元，限制发展补偿费用均值约为14.82亿元，水污染防治补偿费用0.32亿元，水源涵养补偿费用为0.21亿元，其他潜在补偿费用为0.95亿元，而受水区承担用水费用为10.74亿元。牛栏江滇池补水工程水源区生态补偿费用约为11.01亿元，受水区生态补偿费用为6亿元。 2．结合案例分析，发现目前的跨流域调水工程关于生态补偿存在以下问题：首先生态补偿方式为资金补偿、实物补偿、政策性补偿和项目补偿，但均属于政府补偿，较为单一，水源区和受水区之间生态补偿费用缺口较大，目前的生态补偿方式不能满足工程以后的运行及后期管理维护，其次水源区因水量减少造成生态、环境、经济、社会问题日益严峻，主要为面源污染严重、社会经济发展与水源保护的矛盾突出、湖泊生态环境破坏严重。 3．初步制定了云南跨流域调水生态补偿机制框架图，机制主要构成分为优质水源、补偿主客体、评定团队以及相关政策建议。分析了机制各构成要素之间的相互关系，认为评定团队在机制运行中起核心作用，最后应加强利益相关者关系协调、制定合理的核算方法、制定相关激励机制、加强补偿机制运行的监督。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the increase of population, water resources have become one of the important factors of regional sustainable development, especially for Yunnan Province, one of the provinces with severe water shortage.However, due to the difference of water resources distribution and water pollution, some parts of Yunnan Province are relatively rich in water resources, while some areas are relatively scarce.In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and to allocate water resources rationally, it is imperative to transfer water across river basins.In recent years, with the implementation of large, medium and small water diversion projects, the water use situation and lake water environment in the receiving areas have been improved obviously.At the same time, in order to ensure the continuous operation of the project and the later management and maintenance, the urgent problem to be solved is cross-basin ecological compensation.In this paper, by combining qualitative and quantitative evaluation, the research and analysis of Zhangjiu River diversion Project, Niulanjiang River Water diversion Project, clear Water diversion Project, Water diversion Project from Er-er to Bin and Fuxian Lake Water diversion Project are carried out through field investigation.In view of the current water transfer project in Yunnan Province, a cross-basin ecological compensation mechanism is developed, which not only provides protection for the continuous operation of the project and its later management and maintenance, but also provides protection for the population of each watershed, according to the information of the project on ecological compensation.Sustainable development of resources and environment provides new ideas.The main findings are as follows:1.The compensation cost of water resources in water source area of Zhangjiuhe River diversion Project is 219 million yuan, the average compensation cost of limited development is about 1.482 billion yuan, the compensation cost of water pollution prevention and control is 32 million yuan, and the compensation cost of water conservation is 21 million yuan.Other potential compensation costs are 95 million yuan, while the cost of water used in the receiving area is 1.074 billion yuan.The ecological compensation cost of water source area of Niulanjiang Dianchi water supply project is about 1.101 billion yuan, and that of water receiving area is 600 million yuan.2.Combined with the case analysis, it is found that there are the following problems in the ecological compensation of the current inter-basin water transfer projects: firstly, the ecological compensation methods are fund compensation, physical compensation, policy compensation and project compensation, but they all belong to the government compensation and are relatively single.The gap of ecological compensation cost between water source area and water receiving area is large. The current ecological compensation mode can not meet the future operation of the project and the later management and maintenance. Secondly, the water source area can cause ecology, environment and economy due to the decrease of water quantity.Social problems are becoming more and more serious, mainly due to the serious non-point source pollution, the contradiction between social economic development and water source protection, and the serious destruction of lake ecological environment.3.A preliminary frame map of ecological compensation mechanism for water transfer in Yunnan is drawn up. The mechanism is mainly composed of high quality water source, compensation subject and object, evaluation team and relevant policy recommendations.This paper analyzes the relationship between the various elements of the mechanism, thinks that the evaluation team plays a central role in the operation of the mechanism, and finally should strengthen the coordination of the stakeholder relationship, formulate reasonable accounting methods, and formulate the relevant incentive mechanism.Strengthen the supervision of the operation of the compensation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4;TV68

【参考文献】