黄河泥沙入黄的机理及过程探讨

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:16

本文选题：水土保持 + 下垫面　；参考：《人民黄河》2017年09期

【摘要】：黄河是世界上输沙量最大、含沙量最高的河流。近年来,受人类活动和降雨变化的影响,入黄泥沙量减少明显,潼关水文站实测年输沙量由1919—1960年的平均15.9亿t减少至2000—2015年的平均2.5亿t,减幅为84%。入黄泥沙的变化受到各方关注,并开展了大量的研究,然而由于研究采用的资料和方法不同,因此研究成果差别较大,对引起入黄泥沙减少的主要原因及未来变化趋势尚未形成统一认识。分析了流域主要产沙区的侵蚀产沙主要机理和泥沙入黄过程,提出泥沙入黄是水力侵蚀、重力侵蚀与河道水流输沙共同作用的结果;针对防治水土流失的"三道防线",从拦减黄土高原入黄泥沙的整体与部分关系出发,探讨了当前各项水保措施的作用,估算出的来沙水平与《黄河流域综合规划》(2012—2030年)提出的正常降雨条件下未来水平年的多年平均年输沙量基本相当。为满足黄河长治久安的需求,降低工程泥沙设计风险,工程设计来沙量应考虑一定富余度。
[Abstract]:The Yellow River is the world's largest sediment discharge, the highest sediment content of the river.In recent years, due to the changes of human activities and rainfall, the amount of sediment into the Yellow River has decreased obviously, and the annual sediment discharge measured at Tongguan Hydrologic Station has been reduced from 1.59 billion tons in 1919-1960 to 250 million tons in 2000-2015, with a decrease of 84 tons.The change of sediment into the Yellow River has attracted much attention and a great deal of research has been carried out. However, due to the difference of the data and methods used in the study, the results of the research are quite different.The main cause of sediment reduction and the trend of change in the future have not yet formed a unified understanding.The main mechanism of erosion and sediment yield and the yellow process of sediment in the main sediment producing areas of the basin are analyzed, and the result of hydraulic erosion, gravity erosion and sediment transport in river flow is put forward.In view of the "three lines of defense" to prevent and control soil and water loss, this paper discusses the functions of the current soil and water conservation measures in view of the overall and partial relationship between the interception and reduction of yellow sediment in the Loess Plateau.The estimated sediment level is basically equivalent to the annual average annual sediment discharge in the future level years under normal rainfall conditions proposed by the Comprehensive Plan for the Yellow River Basin (2012-2030).In order to meet the needs of long-term stability of the Yellow River and reduce the risk of engineering sediment design, the amount of sediment in engineering design should be taken into account.
【作者单位】：黄河勘测规划设计有限公司;
【分类号】：TV143

【相似文献】