流域风化层雨洪调蓄生态机理

发布时间：2018-04-16 17:56

本文选题：风化层 + 雨洪调蓄　；参考：《生态学报》2017年13期

【摘要】：风化层是陆地表面经各种风化作用而形成的疏松堆积层,是雨洪调蓄的天然场所,对流域水资源管理有着重要意义。从复杂开放系统论的观点出发,结合近年来国内外对风化层雨洪调蓄特征的研究,分析了风化层在流域雨洪调蓄中的生态机理。主要研究了风化层的概念、风化层雨洪调蓄的组成与时空结构;解释了风化层集水、蓄水、净水、养水、供水功能等方面的雨洪调蓄功能;分析了风化层与地形地貌、生境、地质、土壤、大气、能量以及人类活动等流域环境要素的生态关系。研究表明:(1)流域风化层具有重要的雨洪调蓄特征,是由其特有的物质组成与时空结构特征决定的,正常发挥风化层的雨洪调蓄功能,流域中的水为健康的"活水",不同流域风化层的物质组成和结构的时空变化极大,其雨洪调蓄功能的发挥机制也极其复杂,采用常规定量研究方法几乎不可能掌握其机理,应采用复杂开放系统理论和方法开展研究;(2)风化层是流域系统的一个子系统,与其它流域环境要素之间是相互联系和相互作用的,过去我们通常采用的"排水范式"解决局部问题以期改善整个流域系统问题的治理思路是行不通的,已不适应今后的风化层雨洪调蓄生态学研究,还极可能衍生新的系统问题;(3)将流域视为一个复杂开放系统,国外流域生态学家提出了生态结构(Ecostructures)的概念,强调流域系统自身生态能力的发挥,将土壤-植被-大气连续体(SVA)研究扩展到风化层-生境-能量连续体(RHE)的生态耦合研究。因此建议,采取"边学边做"(Learning by Doing)的流域适应性管理,应当是今后流域风化层雨洪调蓄管理的重要方向。
[Abstract]:Weathering layer is a loose accumulation layer formed by various weathering on the land surface. It is a natural place for rain flood regulation and storage. It is of great significance to the management of water resources in river basin.From the point of view of complex open system theory, the ecological mechanism of weathering layer in rain-flood regulation and storage in river basin is analyzed by combining the research on the characteristics of storm-flood regulation of weathered beds at home and abroad in recent years.This paper mainly studies the concept of weathering layer, the composition and space-time structure of storm-flood regulation and storage in weathering layer, explains the storm-flood regulation and storage function of weathering layer, water storage, purification water, water conservation, water supply function, and analyzes weathering layer, landform and landform, habitat, etc.The ecological relationship of geological, soil, atmospheric, energy and human activities.The study shows that the weathered layer in the basin has important characteristics of storm-flood regulation and storage, which is determined by its unique material composition and space-time structure, and normally exerts the function of storm-flood regulation and storage of weathered layer.The water in the basin is a healthy "living water". The material composition and structure of weathered layers in different basins vary greatly in time and space, and the mechanism of its function of regulating and storing rain and flood is extremely complicated. It is almost impossible to master its mechanism by using conventional quantitative research methods.The weathering layer is a subsystem of the basin system and is interlinked and interacted with other watershed environmental elements.In the past, the "drainage paradigm" that we usually used to solve local problems in order to improve the whole drainage system is not feasible, and it is not suitable for the future study of weathering, stormwater and stormwater regulation and storage ecology.It is also very likely that new system problems will arise. The watershed is regarded as a complex open system. Foreign watershed ecologists have put forward the concept of ecological structure (Ecostructures), which emphasizes the exertion of the ecological capacity of the watershed system itself.The study of soil vegetation-atmosphere continuum (SVA) was extended to the ecological coupling study of weathering layer, habitat and energy continuum (RHEs).Therefore, it is suggested that the adaptive management of river basin should be an important direction in the management of weathering, stormwater and flood storage in the future.
【作者单位】：山西大学环境与资源学院;
【基金】：山西省科技重大专项资助(20121101011) 国家自然科学青年基金项目(41201277)
【分类号】：TV213.4

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