南水北调东线小运河段突发水污染事故模拟预测与应急调控研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 14:43

  本文选题：小运河 + 突发水污染　； 参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是世界上遭受环境污染较严重的国家,特别是随着工业化的发展,以及城镇化和新农村建设的推进,环境面临的压力不断加大,新的环境保护问题层出不穷,突发性的环境事件发生的概率也相继增加,近年来,全国水污染重大事故屡有发生,这些重大突发水污染事故都严重破坏了水域环境,特别是严重污染饮用水源,对于人民群众的身体健康直接构成威胁,同时也影响了社会安定。 为保证长距离输水工程的水质安全,本文以南水北调东线小运河段输水干渠为研究对象,对其进行了风险源识别,确定该段输水工程最可能发生的突发水污染事故,利用建立的水动力模型和水质模型,模拟分析多种典型突发水污染事故发生时,污染物在输水干渠中的输移转化规律,预测污染物对小运河沿线水质的影响时间,范围及程度,确定典型突发水污染事故在污染物持续污染时间较长时,污染物从突发水污染事故的发生位置到达某个分水口(或出口断面)浓度正好为地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类标准的上限值的情况下,事故点污染物的污染量临界值,并据此提出了相应的调控思路,最后对典型突发水污染事故发生后,几个调控方案进行仿真模拟,比较分析各方案的调控效果。该研究结果可为南水北调东线山东段输水干渠突发水污染事故情况下的水质预测、预警、应急调控提供重要参考。主要研究成果如下： (1)对南水北调东线小运河段输水工程进行风险识别,分析可能引发突发水污染事故的因素,判断得到最可能发生的突发水污染事故是由跨河桥梁上的交通事故引起的污染物泄露进入河道的事故。 (2)根据小运河实际情况,选择mike11软件作为本文研究的主要工具,说明mike11水动力(HD)模块和对流扩散(AD)模块的原理及求解方法,为模拟预测提供了软件基础。 (3)建立水动力模型,利用实测水情资料进行率定,验证模型的可靠性,在此基础上建立水质模型(对流扩散模型),并提出污染流量、水动力时间、水质时间和污染量临界值等概念。 (4)设置四种水动力工况,选取保守型和非保守型两类污染物,对典型突发水污染事故进行模拟预测,分析讨论污染物进入河道后的输移转化规律,为制定应急调控方案提供了依据。 (5)对突发水污染事故按事故严重性、出口断面污染物浓度及污染持续时间等分成四级,分别针对水源地突发水污染事故和河段内突发水污染事故,提出了相应的应急调控思路。 (6)选取了三种典型突发水污染事故,对相应的应急调控措施进行模拟分析,判断比较调控效果,选取了最优方案,保证输水干线的水质安全。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization and the development of urbanization and the construction of new countryside, the pressure on the environment is increasing, and new problems of environmental protection emerge endlessly in our country, especially with the development of industrialization and the promotion of new rural construction. The probability of sudden environmental incidents has also increased one after another. In recent years, major water pollution accidents have occurred frequently throughout the country. These major sudden water pollution accidents have seriously damaged the water environment, especially seriously polluted drinking water sources. It is a direct threat to the people's health and social stability. In order to ensure the water quality safety of the long distance water conveyance project, this paper takes the main canal of the east route of the South-to-North Water transfer Project as the research object, identifies its risk source, and determines the most likely sudden water pollution accident in the water conveyance project. By using the established hydrodynamic model and water quality model, this paper simulates and analyzes the transport and transformation law of pollutants in the main canal when several typical sudden water pollution accidents occur, and predicts the time, scope and degree of the influence of pollutants on the water quality along the small canal. Determining that a typical sudden water pollution accident has a long time of persistent pollution of pollutants, If the concentration of pollutants from the location of sudden water pollution accident to some outlet (or exit section) is exactly the upper limit of the class 鈪，

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