闸控河流生态需水调控理论方法及应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 20:01

本文选题：水资源管理 + 生态水文　；参考：《郑州大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：河流水资源与水环境对自然生态系统良性循环和经济社会可持续发展均具有重要作用。闸坝等水利工程作为河流开发的主要手段,其建设运行为经济社会发展提供了有效支撑,同时也引发了一系列的水文、水环境和水生态问题,对河流健康状况造成影响。人类活动影响下的河流水文效应及其生态响应,成为水资源可持续利用、经济社会和谐发展进程中亟需考虑的问题。研究闸坝等水利工程建设对河流生态系统的影响,分析闸坝影响下的水文变异情况、水质变化规律和水生态发展状况,开展面向河流健康的生态需水研究,构建有效的河流生态需水调控和保障体系,对于水资源科学管理、水生态系统修复、河流健康保护、水生态文明构建等具有重要意义。本论文选取具有典型闸控河流特征的沙颍河为研究对象,针对多闸坝条件下的河流生态需水问题,进行了系统的研究,主要研究工作包括:(1)系统分析闸坝影响下的河流生态水文效应基于研究区沙颍河流域的水文、水质等资料搜集和整理分析,结合典型区域的前期和现状实地调查水生态数据,分析研究区水文、水环境及水生态系统发展和演变特征;基于沙颍河多闸坝特征,结合区域水资源和水环境管理研究基础,确定典型闸坝和关键水文断面,采用水文改变度指标分析方法对闸坝工程的水文效应进行分析,识别和量化水利工程的生态水文效应,分析闸坝建设对河流生态系统的影响。(2)提出面向闸控河流健康的生态需水评估方法通过对河流健康与河流生态需水的概念进行辨识,明确两者之间的相互关系。基于河流健康的需水要求,对河流的生态需水特征进行分析;总结当前多种河流生态需水的计算方法的特点和适用性,结合闸控河流生态需水的关键问题,提出面向河流健康的生态需水概念、内涵、和关键指标,为后续确定适用于闸控河流的生态需水评估方法提供理论基础。(3)提出面向河流健康的闸控河流生态需水计算理论和方法在广泛收集和综合分析河道生态需水研究相关文献资料的基础上,以河流健康为目标,基于生态需水关键指标辨识,构建适用于闸控河流的生态需水计算方法体系。选取沙颍河典型河段作为计算计算单元,计算分析河流生态需水量,对计算结果校核,进而确定沙颍河流域主要河流断面生态需水阈值及其过程,并进行计算结果合理性分析。(4)构建基于水文情势需求的闸控河流生态需水调控方法体系基于闸坝条件下的生态水文效应分析,考虑水资源优化配置需求,构建基于生态水文响应机制的闸控河流生态需水调控方法体系框架;基于闸控河流水文—水质—水生态的关系分析,通过分析现有闸控河流生态调度模式,根据来水情况和水质状况以及汛期、非汛期水生态调度规则,结合人类社会用水和河流生态恢复目标,构建考虑自然水流情势的闸坝生态调度多目标模型;采用多方案模拟技术方法,模拟不同闸坝控制情况下的河流生态需水调控方案,分析水域生态需水保障程度和调控效果,为闸控河流生态需水调控提供支撑。(5)开展闸控河流生态需水保障体系研究针对多闸坝影响下的河流水资源和水环境问题分析,结合闸控河流域水资源管理、水污染治理、和水生态修复保护的经验,基于河流适应性管理等理念,从水资源保障机制与生态环境保障机制构建等方面,提出闸控河流生态需水保障体系,对研究区生态需水管理提出措施体系,为河流水资源综合管理提供参考。
[Abstract]:River water resources and water environment play an important role in the benign cycle of natural ecosystem and the sustainable development of economic and social development. As the main means of river development, the construction and operation of the dam and dam provide an effective support for the economic and social development, as well as a series of hydrology, water environment and water ecological problems, and to the river. The influence of health conditions. The hydrological effect and ecological response of rivers under the influence of human activities have become an urgent problem to be considered in the process of sustainable utilization of water resources and the process of harmonious economic and social development. The influence of water conservancy projects such as dam and dam construction on the river ecosystem, the hydrological variation under the influence of the dam and the law of water quality change are analyzed. It is of great significance for the scientific management of the water resources, the restoration of the water ecosystem, the health protection of the rivers, the construction of the ecological civilization of water, and the construction of the ecological civilization of water. This paper selects the Sha Ying River, which has the characteristics of typical sluice controlled rivers. The main research work includes: (1) the ecological hydrological effect of the river under the influence of the dam and dam is based on the hydrology, water quality and other data collection and analysis of the shying River Basin in the study area. Water ecological data is used to analyze the development and evolution characteristics of hydrology, water environment and water ecosystem in the area. Based on the characteristics of the multiple sluice dam in the Sha Ying River, the typical dam and key hydrographic sections are determined based on the research foundation of regional water resources and water environment management, and the hydrological effect of the dam project is analyzed and identified by the method of hydrologic change index. The ecological and hydrological effects of water conservancy projects are quantified and the impact of dam construction on the river ecosystem is analyzed. (2) an ecological water demand assessment method for river health and river health is proposed by identifying the concept of river health and river ecological water requirement, and the interrelationship between the two is clearly defined. To analyze the characteristics of water demand, summarize the characteristics and applicability of the current calculation methods for the ecological water requirement of various rivers, combine the key problems of the ecological water requirement of the river control river, and put forward the concept, connotation and key indexes of ecological water requirement oriented to the river health, which provides the theoretical basis for the subsequent determination of the ecological water requirement evaluation method suitable for the river control river. 3) on the basis of extensive collection and comprehensive analysis of the related literature of river ecological water demand, the theory and method of ecological water requirement for river health oriented River are proposed. Based on the river health as the target, based on the identification of the key indicators of ecological water requirement, the ecological water requirement calculation method system suitable for the river flow is constructed. As the calculation and calculation unit, the typical river section calculates and analyzes the ecological water requirement of the river, checks the calculation results, and then determines the ecological water threshold of the main river section of the shying River Basin and its process, and carries out the analysis of the calculation results. (4) the construction of the ecological water demand control method based on the demand of hydrological situation is based on the sluice bar bar. On the basis of the analysis of the eco hydrological effect under the part, considering the demand for the optimal allocation of water resources, the framework of the ecological water demand regulation method based on the ecological hydrological response mechanism is constructed. Based on the relationship analysis of the hydrology water quality water ecology of the sluice controlled River, the existing ecological scheduling model of the river control river is analyzed, and the water situation and the water quality condition are analyzed. As well as flood season, non flood season water ecological scheduling rules, combined with human social water and river ecological restoration targets, the multi-objective model of dam ecological scheduling considering natural flow situation is constructed, and the multi scheme simulation technique is used to simulate the river ecological water demand control scheme under the control of different dam and dam, and to analyze the ecological water requirement of the water area. Degree and control effect to provide support for the regulation of ecological water demand for sluice controlled rivers. (5) research on the ecological water supply system of river gate controlled river water resources and water environment analysis under the influence of multi gate dam, combined with the experience of water resource management, water pollution control and water ecological restoration and protection in the river basin, based on the river adaptability management And so on, from the water resources guarantee mechanism and the construction of the ecological environment guarantee mechanism, the ecological water requirement system of the river gate control is put forward, and the measures system for the management of the ecological water demand in the study area is put forward to provide the reference for the comprehensive management of the river water resources.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV213.4

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