潇河流域水资源可持续利用对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 16:12

本文选题：流域 + 水资源　；参考：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：水资源是世间万物生存必不可缺少的重要基础资源之一,是社会经济、流域生态与自然环境协调发展的主要影响控制因素。流域水资源可持续利用与发展是实现流域内地区经济社会可持续发展的重要保障前提之一。潇河流域属于黄河流域,是汾河的第二大支流,位于太行山西麓,山西高原东部,发源于昔阳县沾尚乡马道岭,其间流经晋中地区的昔阳、寿阳、和顺、太谷、榆次、,太原市的小店区、清徐等七个县区,流域全长为147公里,河床的平均坡度为2.85‰,流域面积为3894平方公里。从二十世纪八、九十年代至二十一世纪初期,尽管潇河流域的水资源量十分有限,但是支撑了流域内地区社会经济得以持续且快速的增长。党的十八届三中全会提出了具有重要战略意义,要对水利事业进行全面深化改革的任务,指出要加快社会主义新农村建设,明确提出了流域生态文明建设的重要内容。这样无论从任何一个方面都对潇河流域水资源可持续利用提出了更加严峻挑战及更高的要求。潇河流域属于资源性严重缺水的区域,其水资源可持续利用的问题是一个迫在眉睫的研究课题。本文以山西省晋中市潇河流域为具体研究对象,基于流域的理念,在充分收集各种观测、试验及统计资料以及总结以往水资源评价成果的基础上,进一步对潇河流域水资源总量、现状可控水资源量、未来可控水资源量以及流域内水资源的开发利用情况进行了全面系统的分析和评价,总结了流域内水资源的特点、在开发利用中存在的问题及制约水资源可持续发展的因素等。基于潇河流域水资源的综合分析,有针对性地提出了关于潇河流域水资源可持续利用的有效对策及相关高效集成技术。主要获得如下研究成果：本文在收集、分析潇河流域各行政区自然地理及社会经济状况、水文水资源等基本资料以及现有水利工程的建设、供水及利用状况的基础上,借助过去评价中已有的资料,以流域为一个整体分析、计算了潇河流域水资源总量,现状可控水资源总量及未来可控水资源总量。基于潇河流域的自然、社会、经济条件等,揭示了潇河流域水资源在开发、利用、治理、配置、节约及保护过程中存在的问题：流域内水资源总量匮乏、地表径流年内分配不均匀、地面水资源利用率过低而地下水资源开发利用过度、骨干水利工程严重老化失修、流域水生态环境状况脆弱、水资源开发利用缺乏统一管理等。以实现潇河流域的水资源可持续利用为目标,依据水资源可持续利用的基本理论并参考国内外相关的成功经验,因地制宜、有的放矢地提出了流域水资源可持续利用对策：全面推进节水防污型社会的建设；实现治水战略的转变；实现真正意义上的水资源统一管理；实行用水的宏观控制与定额管理；建立水市场支撑节水进行水价改革；强化全民的节水意识；建立和完善水资源供需管理制度体系；建立水资源供需管理的高效信息化系统。本文通过对潇河流域水资源现状及存在的问题的剖析,站在流域管理的角度,提出了潇河流域水资源可持续利用的相关对策和集成技术,为潇河流域水资源及流域内地区经济社会的可持续发展提供了有力的理论支撑,具有重要的理论意义与实际价值。但是,由于潇河流域管理局是流域的新生事物,其运行管理仅处于起步阶段,该项目的工作内容从零做起,关于流域额水资源管理方面,还有很多更深层次的向题有待解决。
[Abstract]:Water resource is one of the important basic resources indispensable to the existence of all things in the world . It is one of the important precondition for the harmonious development of the social economy , watershed ecology and the natural environment . The sustainable utilization and development of water resources in the basin is one of the important guarantee conditions for the sustainable development of the economic and social sustainable development in the basin .

From the 1980s and 1990s to the beginning of the 21st century , although the amount of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin is very limited , it supports the sustained and rapid growth of the social economy in the basin .

Based on the comprehensive analysis of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , the paper summarizes the characteristics of water resources in the river basin , the problems existing in the development and utilization of water resources and the factors which restrict the sustainable development of water resources .

On the basis of collecting and analyzing the natural geographical and socio - economic situation , hydrology and water resources , etc . and the construction , water supply and utilization of the existing water conservancy projects , this paper takes the basin as a whole analysis to calculate the total water resources , the total quantity of the controllable water resources and the total amount of controllable water resources in the future .

Based on the natural , social and economic conditions of Xiaohe River Basin , the problems existing in the process of exploitation , utilization , treatment , allocation , conservation and protection of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin are revealed : the total water resources in the basin are deficient , the distribution of water resources in the surface runoff is not uniform , the utilization rate of the ground water resources is too low , the utilization of groundwater resources is too low , the severe aging of the key water conservancy projects is seriously damaged , the water resources utilization rate of the river basin is fragile , the exploitation and utilization of water resources are lack of unified management , etc .

In order to realize sustainable utilization of water resources in Xiaohe river basin , the sustainable utilization countermeasures of water resources in the basin are put forward according to the basic theory of sustainable utilization of water resources and the successful experiences related to domestic and foreign countries .
to realize the transformation of the water treatment strategy ;
realize the unified management of water resources in real sense ;
Macro - control and quota management of water use ;
establishing water market support water saving to carry out water price reform ;
Strengthening the people ' s water - saving consciousness ;
Establish and perfect the system of water supply and demand management system ;
Establish an efficient information system for water resource supply and demand management .

Based on the analysis of the present situation and existing problems of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and integrated technologies for sustainable use of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin . It provides a powerful theoretical support for the sustainable development of water resources and the economy and society in the river basin .

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.9

【参考文献】