基于GIServices的SWAT水文模型服务研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 06:49

本文选题：SWAT模型服务 + Web　；参考：《兰州大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：在环境建模领域,由于大多数地学模型算法复杂且参数众多,研究人员需要花费大量的时间精力学习如何使用模型及制备输入数据,而且这类模型通常只能在本地计算机上运行,这就限制了模型的推广应用程度和与其它模型的互操作性。SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型是地学模型最优秀代表之一,于1994年由美国农业部研发成功以来,在全球得到了广泛应用,成为水资源及生态环境领域科研与水文业务的重要工具。但是,目前在模型及其输出数据的共享和互操作方面仍存在很大困难,解决该问题的关键是需要构建一个基于Webservices的地理信息服务(Geographic Information Web Services, GISevrices)平台,进而实现人-信息-计算工具协同工作的互动环境。 Web services技术是将应用程序通过标准接口以独立组件的形式发布在Internet上,可以被网上的用户调用及直接使用,也可以和其它服务进行松散耦合和数据交换。基于Web services发展的地理信息服务是对地理数据服务和地理处理服务的统称,是提高地学领域数据共享程度、空间分析和地理处理互操作性的最有效途径。目前地理信息服务的研究主要集中在数据服务和简单的空间分析服务,对较复杂的地理处理服务和更复杂的环境建模服务的研究相对较少。地理信息服务在水文水资源领域的应用也主要集中在数据服务的发布、集成和处理,将地理信息服务提升到模型(如SWAT模型)层面是亟待解决的前沿问题。针对以上问题,本文探析了基于GIServices的SWAT水文模型服务的实现机制,完成了将SWAT模型以Web services的方式在网上发布,支持跨平台和异构环境的调用和集成。为科研人员通过服务接口调用SWAT水文模型服务并直接进行模拟处理,或者将其集成到用户自己的模型中提供了有效途径。本文主要研究成果如下： (1)在深入研究Web services、地理信息服务、地理处理服务的理论背景和关键技术的基础上,从水文模型服务的实现方法、服务链工作流模式、服务性能制约因素、事务模式和服务粒度设定等多个方面,研究和阐述了水文模型发布为地理信息服务的关键理论和技术问题,提出了基于GIServices的SWAT水文模型服务的实现机制,包括理论框架和技术框架两部分,为实现SWAT模型的Web服务奠定了基础。 (2)基于提出的SWAT水文模型服务的理论机制和技术框架,构建了SWAT模型水文循环部分所有处理过程的Web服务,即SWAT Web Services,可以广泛应用于在线SWAT水文模拟和基于SWAT模型服务的应用程序创建。SWAT Web Services共包括10个自定义的服务,分别是流域离散化、水文响应单元(HRU)分析、气象数据空间展布、积雪、土壤温度、蒸散发、地表径流、壤中流、地下径流和土壤含水量服务,各服务可以单独调用,也可以进行服务组合。 (3)基于发布的SWAT Web Services和地理信息服务开源软件平台开发了一个WebGIS原型系统——黑河干流山区水文信息服务及可视化系统。该系统能够通过调用SWAT模型服务实现SWAT模型的在线操作,并实现了二维、三维联动的水文模拟结果空间可视化、基于水文响应单元和水文站点的逐日水文信息时空查询功能、空间数据查询和空间分析等功能。综上所述,基于Web services的地理信息服务为提高SWAT模型的互操作性和深层集成提供了有效的技术支持。SWAT水文模型服务可将原来在本地计算机运行的水文模型通过标准的服务接口在网上发布,大大提高了SWAT模型及其模拟结果的可访问性、互操作性和应用范围。此外,由SWAT水文模型服务研发的原型系统(黑河干流山区水文信息服务及可视化系统)中二维、三维联动的地学可视化功能,可有助于加深对水文过程的理解,便于多尺度时空查询及下载应用。总之,本文构建的SWAT水文模型服务有望成为模型层面服务的新范式。
[Abstract]:In the field of environmental modeling, because most of the geoscience models are complex and with a large number of parameters, it is necessary for researchers to spend a lot of time to learn how to use the model and to prepare the input data, and this kind of model can only run on the local computer. This restricts the extension of the model and the interoperation with other models. The.SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model is one of the best representative of the geoscience model. Since it was successfully developed by the United States Department of agriculture in 1994, it has been widely used all over the world. It has become an important tool for scientific research and hydrology business in the field of water resources and ecological environment. However, the model and its output data are shared and interoperable at present. There are still great difficulties. The key to solving the problem is to build a Geographic Information Web Services (GISevrices) platform based on Webservices, and then to realize the interactive environment of human information computing tools in collaboration.
Web services technology is a technology that releases applications through standard interfaces in the form of independent components on Internet, can be invoked and directly used by users on the Internet, and can also be loosely coupled and data exchange with other services. Geographic information services based on Web services are the integration of geographic data services and geographic processing services. It is the most effective way to improve the degree of data sharing in the field of Geoscience, the interoperability of spatial analysis and geographic processing. The current research on geographic information services is mainly focused on data services and simple spatial analysis services, and the research on more complex geo processing services and more complex environmental modeling services is relatively less. The application in the field of hydrology and water resources is also mainly focused on the release of data services, integration and processing, and the promotion of geographic information services to the model (such as SWAT model) is an urgent problem to be solved.
In view of the above problems, this paper probes into the implementation mechanism of SWAT hydrological model service based on GIServices, and has completed the release of SWAT model in the way of Web services, and supports the call and integration of cross platform and heterogeneous environment, and calls the SWAT water text model service for the researchers through the service interface and simulates it directly. It is an effective way to integrate it into the user's own model.
The main research results in this paper are as follows:
(1) on the basis of the in-depth study of the theoretical background and key technology of Web services, geographic information service and geographic processing service, the hydrological model is published as the geographic information from several aspects, such as the implementation of the hydrological model service, the service chain workflow model, the service performance constraints, the transaction model and the service granularity setting. The key theory and technical problems of service are presented, and the implementation mechanism of SWAT hydrological model service based on GIServices is proposed, including the two parts of the theoretical framework and the technical framework, which lays the foundation for the implementation of the Web service of the SWAT model.
(2) based on the proposed theoretical mechanism and technical framework of SWAT hydrological model service, a Web service for all processing processes of the SWAT model hydrologic cycle is constructed, that is, SWAT Web Services, which can be widely used in online SWAT hydrological simulation and SWAT model based applications to create.SWAT Web Services, including 10 custom services. They are watershed discretization, hydrological response unit (HRU) analysis, spatial distribution of meteorological data, snow, soil temperature, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, soil flow, underground runoff and soil water content services, and services can be called separately, and service combinations can also be carried out.
(3) based on the published SWAT Web Services and the open source software platform of geographic information service, a WebGIS prototype system, the hydrological information service and visualization system of the Heihe main stream mountain area, is developed. The system can realize the online operation of the SWAT model by calling the SWAT model service, and the two dimensional and three-dimensional linkage hydrological simulation results are realized empty. Inter visualization, based on hydrological response unit and hydrological station daily hydrological information query function, spatial data query and spatial analysis functions.
To sum up, the geographic information service based on Web services provides an effective technical support for improving the interoperability and deep integration of the SWAT model. The hydrological model service of the.SWAT can be published online through the standard service interface, which is originally running on the local computer, greatly improving the SWAT model and its simulation results. Accessibility, interoperability and application scope. In addition, the prototype system, developed by the SWAT hydrological model service (the hydrological information service and visualization system of the Heihe main stream mountain hydrology and visualization system), can help to deepen the understanding of the hydrology process and facilitate the multi-scale spatio-temporal query and downloading applications. The SWAT hydrological model service is expected to become a new paradigm for model level services.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P334.92

【参考文献】