GSFLOW在沙颖河流域地表水与地下水耦合模拟中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-16 04:30

本文选题：沙颍河流域 + GSFLOW耦合模型　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：地表水与地下水相互转化是水文循环的重要组成部分。为了真实、客观地反应流域内水资源的转化规律,必须将地表水与地下水联合起来进行研究。本文利用美国地质调查局研发的地表水与地下水耦合模型GSFLOW,研究沙颍河流域的地表水与地下水的相互作用规律以及城镇化与闸坝对沙颍河流域产流量的影响。沙颍河流域位于淮河流域中上游,面积较大,人口众多,水资源缺乏,人均水资源占有量仅为我国平均水平的1/5,是我国严重缺水地区之一。近年来,工农业和城镇化的快速发展导致地表水资源匮乏,水体污染严重,进一步制约了水资源的可利用性。为了满足供水需求,流域内大量开采深层地下水,很多地方形成了大面积降落漏斗。因此,亟需加强流域地表水与地下水的统一管理。本研究首先利用1962-1965年的基础资料对地表水模型进行拟合验证,在1964-1965年的模型校正阶段,日模拟的Ens值达到0.72;在1962-1963年的模型验证阶段,日模拟Ens亦达0.64。利用经过校正和验证的模型模拟了城镇化及闸坝修建对沙颍河流量的影响。结果表明:由于城镇化率增大,地面不透水面积增加,流域蒸散量和降雨入渗减少,产流量增加;而闸坝使流域径流量峰值减小,径流洪峰滞后。闸坝等水工建筑物改变了流域水资源的时空分配,减弱了自然径流量的波动性,使得水面及其蒸发增加,河流径流量减少。城镇化和闸坝对河流径流的影响在枯水年尤为明显。其次,基于研究区的水文地质条件,构建了沙颍河流域浅层地下水的概念模型,并利用GSFL0W中的地下水模块M0DFL0W-2005进行地下水流模拟。最后在地表水和地下水模型的基础上,对耦合模型GSFL0W进行拟合验证。模拟结果表明校正后的模型能够较好地模拟流域出口断面处的地表径流过程以及地下水位的动态变化,可用来分析沙颍河流域地表水与地下水相互作用规律。GSFLOW模拟结果表明研究区水资源输入量为降雨量,输出项包括蒸散发、地表径流、地下水定水头边界出流,其中地下水通过定水头边界排出的水量较少,主要通过蒸散发和地表径流排泄。地表径流包括坡面流、壤中流和地下基流,其中壤中流所占比例最大,坡面流次之,地下基流最小。坡面流一般随着降雨量的增加而增加,而壤中流和地下基流则相反;土壤区相对于包气带和饱和带更易受降雨和蒸散发的影响;地下水向土壤区的水分排泄随时都会发生且波动不大,只在9、10月份对土壤区有一次较大的补给,而土壤区对地下水的补给基本上仅出现在每年的7、8月份;研究区以地下水补给河流为主,但一般在每年6-9月份雨季,大量降雨使得河流水位升高,造成河水对地下水的短暂补给,丰水年河流对地下水的补给增加,补给时间增长,而地下水向河流的排泄量减少。
[Abstract]:The interaction between surface water and groundwater is an important part of the hydrological cycle. In order to reflect the transformation law of water resources in the basin objectively and objectively, the surface water and the groundwater must be combined to study. In this paper, the surface water and ground water coupling model GSFLOW developed by the United States Geological Survey Bureau is used to study the surface of the shying River Basin. The interaction law of water and groundwater and the influence of urbanization and sluice dam on the runoff of the shying River Basin. The shying river basin is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Huaihe River Basin, with large area, large population, and lack of water resources. The amount of water resources per capita is only 1/5 of the average level of our country. In order to meet the demand of water supply, in order to meet the demand of water supply, in order to meet the demand of water supply, a large area of deep groundwater has been exploited in a large number of areas. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the unified management of surface water and groundwater in the basin. 196 2-1965 years of basic data are fitted to the surface water model. In the 1964-1965 year model correction stage, the Ens value of the daily simulation reaches 0.72. In the 1962-1963 year model verification stage, the daily simulation Ens also simulates the effect of the urbanization and the dam construction on the flow of the Sha Ying River by using the corrected and verified model. As the urbanization rate increases, the surface water area increases, the evapotranspiration and rainfall infiltration of the basin decrease, and the runoff yield increases, while the Sluice Dam makes the peak flow peak and the runoff peak lag behind. The water resources distribution of the river basin is changed by the dam and dam, and the fluctuation of the runoff is weakened and the water surface and its evaporation are increased. The river runoff is reduced. The impact of urbanization and dam on river runoff is particularly obvious in the dry year. Secondly, based on the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, the conceptual model of shallow groundwater in the shying river basin is constructed, and the groundwater model of the groundwater module in GSFL0W is used to simulate the groundwater flow. Finally, the surface water and the groundwater model are modeled. On the basis of this, the coupling model GSFL0W is fitted and verified. The simulation results show that the corrected model can well simulate the surface runoff process and the dynamic change of groundwater level at the outlet section of the river basin, and can be used to analyze the interaction law of surface water and groundwater in the shying River basin and.GSFLOW simulation results show the water resources in the study area. The input amount is rainfall, and the output items include evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and the flow of the water head boundary of the groundwater, in which the amount of water discharged through the fixed water head is less, mainly through evapotranspiration and surface runoff. The surface runoff includes the slope surface flow, the middle flow and the underground base flow, among which the proportion of the soil is the largest, the slope is the second, and the surface flow is the largest. The lower base flow is the smallest. The slope flow generally increases with the increase of rainfall, while the soil flow is opposite to the underground base flow, and the soil area is more susceptible to the rainfall and evapotranspiration relative to the air zone and the saturated zone, and the water discharge from the groundwater to the soil area will occur at any time and fluctuates very little. Only in the month of 9,10 there is a large supplement to the soil area. The recharge of ground water in the soil area is basically only in the 7,8 month of each year; the study area is mainly by groundwater recharge rivers, but generally in the rainy season of 6-9 months of each year, a large amount of rainfall makes the river water level rise, resulting in the short supply of water to the groundwater, the increase of groundwater recharge, the increase of supply time, and the increase of supply time in the year of abundant water. The discharge of water to the river is reduced.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P641;P339

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