高寒区引水渠道抽水融冰数值模拟

发布时间：2018-05-21 14:32

  本文选题：高寒区 + 引水式电站　； 参考：《石河子大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国西北等高寒地区，冬季引水渠道防治冰害是引水式水电站必须要考虑的关键问题，每年因为冰害问题而产生巨大的经济损失和安全隐患。在现有的防治冰害措施中，抽水融冰是解决引水式电站冬季运行冰害的理想措施，利用水温较高的地下水注入引水渠道，提高渠道水温，防止水中冰花的产生，同时又增加了渠道流量用于发电。抽水融冰法防治渠道冰害已经在我国西北等多个水电站实际应用并取得良好的效果，但目前国内外对于抽水融冰研究不多且多集中在原型试验及理论介绍方面，相关模拟研究更是鲜有介绍。本文以新疆玛纳斯河红山嘴电站冬季抽水融冰实际运行引水渠道为原型观测对象，通过原型观测和数值模拟的方法，研究抽水融冰关键影响因素和运行机理，为引水式电站冬季抽水融冰运行提供理论依据与技术支持，保障高寒区引水式电站能够全冬季发电，对当地居民生态环境、生活生产等方面均具有重要意义。 在抽水融冰应用上取得良好效果的新疆红山嘴电站引水渠道进行了原型观测试验，原型观测结果表明抽水融冰效果良好。根据抽水融冰原型观测试验结果，给出了渠水与井水混合后的水温变化过程以及水温沿程变化规律：渠道温度较低水流（0.1～0.2℃）与温度较高井水（9.6～10.6℃）混合后，渠水温度将保持在0.5～2.8℃，保证渠道水流不会形成冰花。 利用计算流体力学FLUENT软件，首先，模拟了实测边界条件下抽水融冰中渠道混合后水温，，直观形象的模拟出了抽水融冰整个过程，并将模拟结果与原型观测结果进行了对比，结果表明：模拟结果基本与实测数据相符合，验证了模型的正确性；其次，针对渠道流量和井水流量分别变化、渠道引水温度和井水温度分别变化情况下进行数值模拟，分析了各因素对渠道增温效果影响，井水流量与水温变化与渠道混合水温成正比，井水流量越大、水温越高，渠道增温效果越明显；渠道流量与渠道混合后水温成反比，渠道流量越大的情况下，井水的增温效果被稀释，效果不明显，渠道水温与混合后水温成正比，渠道水温越低，混合后水温则越低；最后，模拟了渠道引水温度降低和井水流量变大两个边界条件同时变化下混合后水温变化，结果表明：在渠水温度降低时增加井水流量可以有效增高渠道水温。本文所得到的抽水融冰数值模拟结果，结合实际工程运行情况，可以为制定出适合其它水电站的抽水融冰方案做参考，最终使水电站能够以较经济前提下实现自动化方式解决冰害问题。
[Abstract]:In the high and cold regions of northwest China, the prevention and treatment of ice damage by water diversion channel in winter is the key problem that must be considered in the diversion hydropower stations. Because of the problem of ice damage, huge economic losses and hidden dangers to safety are caused every year. In the existing measures to prevent and cure ice damage, pumping and melting ice is an ideal measure to solve the ice damage in winter operation of diversion power station. The groundwater with high water temperature is injected into the canal channel to raise the channel water temperature and prevent the formation of ice flower in the water. At the same time, increased channel flow for power generation. The method of pumping water and melting ice has been applied in many hydropower stations in Northwest China and achieved good results. However, there are few researches on pumping and melting ice at home and abroad, and most of them are focused on prototype test and theoretical introduction. The related simulation research is seldom introduced. In this paper, the actual operation and diversion channel of pumping and thawing ice in winter of Manas River Hongshanzui Hydropower Station in Xinjiang is taken as the prototype observation object. By means of prototype observation and numerical simulation, the key influencing factors and operation mechanism of pumping and melting ice are studied. It provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the pumping and melting ice operation of the diversion power station in winter, and ensures that the diversion type power station in the high and cold region can generate electricity throughout the winter, which is of great significance to the ecological environment and daily production of the local residents. The prototype observation experiment of diversion channel of Hongshanzui Hydropower Station in Xinjiang has been carried out, which has achieved good results in the application of pumping and melting ice. The prototype observation results show that the effect of pumping and melting ice is good. Based on the experimental results of prototype observation of pumping and melting ice, the variation process of water temperature after mixing of canal water and well water and the variation law of water temperature along the course are given: the channel temperature is lower than 0.1 鈩

本文编号：1919569