白洋淀防洪体系及其蓄滞洪区的建设研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 20:08

本文选题：蓄滞洪区 + 防洪体系　；参考：《河北农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的发展,单位面积上的洪灾损失反而不断增加,为了保证社会经济的稳定发展和人民的生命财产安全、减少洪灾损失,防洪显得越来越重要。防洪能力的实现需要多种防洪措施共同发挥作用,但是各种工程措施又都有一定的防洪标准,只能防御防洪标准内洪水,而洪水的发生又具有随机性,超标准洪水随时都有发生的可能性。利用蓄滞洪区蓄滞超额洪量符合“牺牲局部、保护全局”的防洪要求,是以最少损失实现最大防洪效益的必要措施,也符合我国洪水特性以及人多地少的基本国情。蓄滞洪区除了蓄滞洪水、还有保障区内安全的作用。为最大限度发挥蓄滞洪区的防洪功能,需要其与防洪工程体系协调发挥作用；要保障蓄滞洪区内的防洪安全,区内要进行合理的安全设施建设。我国蓄滞洪区建设一直严重滞后,大多数蓄滞洪区都存在一系列问题,主要表现为：蓄滞洪区工程建设缓慢,工程和安全设施建设不够完善,区内居民生命及财产安全得不到有效保障等。这些问题和矛盾假如不及时解决,一旦发生流域性大洪水,蓄滞洪区将难以有效启用,流域防洪能力将大大降低；并且区内人口众多,一旦分洪运用,将影响社会稳定。特别是大清河流域白洋淀蓄滞洪区下游又有重要的防洪保护对象,以白洋淀蓄滞洪区为例、对其进行研究具有特殊意义。本文围绕蓄滞洪区这两方面进行研究,具体结构如下： (1)系统地回顾和总结了防洪体系、蓄滞洪区的发展历程及研究进展,为研究确定蓄滞洪区的建设和发展模式提供了理论依据。 (2)从我国防洪形势的变化及防洪需要入手,分析了提高流域防洪标准的必要性；分析了提高防洪体系防洪标准的主要措施以及依靠水库、堤防提高防洪标准的困难性,得出蓄滞洪区的建设和发展潜力,并提出了蓄滞洪区要与水库、堤防协调才能充分发挥蓄滞洪水的作用,并提出了协调方法。 (3)以白洋淀蓄滞洪区为例,结合流域暴雨洪水特性、分析区内防洪现状、分析存在的防洪问题,从区内洪水特性、启用标准和淹没水深三个主要风险因素,结合安全设施的分类并考虑区内自身特点等,提出了其安全建设模式。 (4)以白洋淀安新蓄滞洪区为例,以安全区为重点,并对其主要建筑物进行工程设计。 (5)最后,对本文的研究内容进行总结,并对今后蓄滞洪区的研究工作提出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society in our country, flood damage per unit area is increasing. In order to ensure the stable development of social economy and the safety of people's life and property, flood control becomes more and more important. The realization of flood control capacity needs a variety of flood control measures to play a joint role, but all kinds of engineering measures have a certain flood control standards, can only protect against floods within the flood control standards, and the occurrence of floods is random. There is always the possibility of super-standard flooding. The use of excess flood storage capacity in flood storage and detention areas is in line with the flood control requirements of "sacrificing part and protecting the whole situation". It is a necessary measure to achieve the maximum flood control benefit with the least loss, and is also in line with the flood characteristics of our country and the basic national conditions of large population and less land. Flood storage and detention areas, in addition to the storage of flood, there is the role of ensuring the safety of the area. In order to maximize the flood control function of flood storage and detention areas, it is necessary for them to coordinate with the flood control engineering system, and to ensure the flood control safety in the flood storage and detention areas, reasonable safety facilities should be built in the areas. The construction of flood storage and detention areas in our country has been seriously lagging behind. Most flood storage and detention areas have a series of problems, mainly as follows: the construction of flood storage and detention areas is slow, and the construction of engineering and safety facilities is not perfect enough. Residents in the area can not effectively protect their lives and property. If these problems and contradictions are not solved in time, once the basin flood occurs, the flood storage and detention area will be difficult to be used effectively, the flood control capacity of the basin will be greatly reduced, and the population in the area will be large, once the flood diversion is used, the social stability will be affected. Especially, the downstream of Baiyangdian flood storage area in Daqing River Basin has important objects of flood control and protection. Taking Baiyangdian flood storage and detention area as an example, it is of special significance to study it. This paper focuses on the two aspects of flood storage and detention areas, the specific structure is as follows: 1) the development history and research progress of flood control system, flood storage and detention area are systematically reviewed and summarized, which provides a theoretical basis for studying and determining the construction and development model of flood storage and detention area. Starting with the changes of flood control situation and flood control needs in China, this paper analyzes the necessity of improving flood control standards in river basins, the main measures to improve flood control standards of flood control systems and the difficulty of raising flood control standards by relying on reservoirs and levees. The construction and development potential of flood storage and detention area is obtained, and the coordination of flood storage and detention area with reservoir and dike can give full play to the function of flood storage and detention, and the coordination method is put forward. Taking Baiyangdian flood storage and detention area as an example, combined with the characteristics of rainstorm and flood in the basin, the paper analyzes the present situation of flood control in the area, analyzes the existing flood control problems, and analyzes the three main risk factors, such as the characteristics of the flood in the area, the operational criteria and the depth of the submerged water. Combined with the classification of safety facilities and considering the characteristics of the region, the safety construction mode is put forward. Taking Anxin flood storage and detention area of Baiyangdian as an example, taking the safe area as the key point, and carrying on the engineering design to its main buildings. Finally, the research contents of this paper are summarized, and some suggestions for the future research work of flood storage and detention area are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV87

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