基于RVA的建库后下游河流生态风险评价及管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 19:59

本文选题：水库 + 生态风险评价　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：大型水库工程作为水电能源建设的中流砥柱,在发挥其防洪、发电、供水、生态改善等综合利用效益的同时,不可避免地也会对生态环境产生一定的影响,且已成为该领域内国内外研究热点；为了更好地揭示修建水库及其运行与周围生态环境的关系,减免生态环境影响的负面效应,本文对修建水库后下游河流生态风险评价方法和管理措施进行了探索研究。首先,基于RVA (Range of Variability Approach,变化范围法)思想尝试将结构层次复杂、人类认识尚不全面的建库后下游河流生态风险源转化成水文情势的变化,以避开海量难以收集的生态数据的统计工作和操作性差等传统生态风险评价的缺点,选取能反映建库后下游生态环境变化的关键因素,建立了水库下游河流生态风险评价指标体系；其次,在考虑生态系统弹性范围基础上采用风险指数法与RVA法对其进行量化,针对生态风险评价工作及人类对生态环境认识程度本身所具有的模糊性,将生态风险量化为5个相对的等级标准,构建了水库下游河流生态风险的模糊综合评价模型；再者,本文结合实际研究对象提出了相应的生态风险管理措施,同时也尝试针对当前经济补偿和公民意愿两大与生态相关的热点给出探索性分析措施；最后,以三峡水库作为算例,定量给出水库下游河流生态风险综合评价结果和各指标相对风险大小,以2003年生态风险评价结果为例,从五个方面提出了调整建议,用参数模型计算了2003年～2012年生态风险事件发生后的经济补偿,为完善三峡水库生态风险管理制度提供参考。
[Abstract]:As the mainstay of hydropower energy construction, large reservoir projects can bring into play the comprehensive utilization benefits of flood control, power generation, water supply, ecological improvement and so on. At the same time, it will inevitably also have a certain impact on the ecological environment. In order to better reveal the relationship between the construction of reservoir and its operation and the surrounding ecological environment, the negative effects of ecological environment impact are reduced. In this paper, the ecological risk assessment methods and management measures of downstream rivers after reservoir construction are explored and studied. First of all, based on the method of RVA range of Variability Approach,), we try to transform the ecological risk sources of downstream rivers into the changes of hydrological situation after the construction of the reservoir, which is complex in structure and not fully understood by human beings. In order to avoid the shortcomings of traditional ecological risk assessment, such as the statistical work of massive and difficult to collect ecological data and poor operability, the key factors which can reflect the ecological environment changes in the lower reaches after the establishment of the reservoir are selected. The ecological risk assessment index system of the downstream rivers is established. Secondly, the risk index method and RVA method are used to quantify the ecosystem elasticity. In view of the fuzzy nature of ecological risk assessment and the degree of human understanding of ecological environment, the ecological risk is quantified into five relative grade standards, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of ecological risk of downstream rivers is constructed. This paper puts forward the corresponding ecological risk management measures combined with the actual research object, and also tries to give the exploratory analysis measures in view of the two major ecological hotspots of current economic compensation and citizen's will. Finally, taking the three Gorges Reservoir as an example, The comprehensive evaluation results of ecological risk and the relative risk of each index are given quantitatively. Taking the results of ecological risk assessment in 2003 as an example, the adjustment suggestions are put forward from five aspects. The economic compensation after the ecological risk event occurred from 2003 to 2012 is calculated by using the parameter model, which provides a reference for perfecting the ecological risk management system of the three Gorges Reservoir.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV697;X824

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