岩塞轮廓面控制爆破机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 02:12

本文选题：岩塞爆破 + 轮廓面　；参考：《长江科学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了取水灌溉、扩机发电、城市供水等目的，需在已建成的电站水库或天然湖泊中增建水工隧洞，这些水工隧洞进口常位于水面以下数十米甚至百米深处。常规修筑围堰的方法工期长、费用昂贵、甚至不可行。具有专一性特点的水下岩塞爆破技术为这类工程提供了支持和保障，其核心是一次爆通，岩塞进水口成型良好，以保证水工隧洞进水口具有良好的水力条件和长期运行的稳定性，确保岩塞进水口附近水工建筑物的安全，即“爆通、成型、安全”。但是，，采用水下岩塞爆破技术开挖不能对进水口进行衬砌，为了获得较好的断面轮廓以及长期运行过程中岩塞进水口的稳定性，只能采取有效的轮廓面控制爆破技术和合理爆破参数。因此，对水下岩塞轮廓面成型的爆破机理研究具有重要工程应用意义。本文首先阐述了国内外水下岩塞爆破技术的应用以及轮廓面控制爆破机理的理论研究状况，从岩石的动力特性和动力破坏准则两方面对岩石的爆破特性进行了介绍和分析；其次介绍了轮廓面控制爆破的成缝机理，并研究了围压（地应力）对裂缝形成的影响；然后，结合工程实例介绍了轮廓面控制爆破试验情况，得出采用光面爆破方式有利于获得良好的爆破效果；最后用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件进行数值模拟分析，研究地应力对轮廓面控制爆破的影响，为轮廓面控制爆破方式的选择提供依据。本文研究的重点和创新在于：分析地应力对光面爆破和预裂爆破的影响差异，得出在有地应力时，宜优先采用光面爆破方式；通过工程实例的现场爆破试验提出了合理的轮廓面控制爆破参数；分别建立多炮孔同时起爆的光面爆破和预裂爆破三维数值模型，对比分析不同地应力情况对轮廓面控制爆破的影响。
[Abstract]:In order to collect water for irrigation, expand power generation, and supply water to the city, it is necessary to build additional hydraulic tunnels in the reservoirs or natural lakes that have already been built. The inlet of these hydraulic tunnels is often located at the depths of tens of meters or even 100 meters below the surface of the water. The conventional method of constructing cofferdam is long, expensive and even not feasible. The underwater rock plug blasting technology with special characteristics provides support and guarantee for this kind of project, the core of which is a single explosion, and the rock plug inlet is well formed. In order to ensure good hydraulic condition and long-term operation stability of hydraulic tunnel inlet, and to ensure the safety of hydraulic structure near rock plug inlet, that is, "exploding, forming and safety". However, the underwater rock plug blasting technology can not be used to lining the intake, in order to obtain a better profile of the section and the stability of the rock plug inlet during the long-term operation, Only effective contours control blasting technology and reasonable blasting parameters can be adopted. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the blasting mechanism of underwater rock plug profile forming. In this paper, firstly, the application of underwater rock plug blasting technology and the theoretical research status of contours controlled blasting mechanism at home and abroad are described, and the blasting characteristics of rock are introduced and analyzed from two aspects of rock dynamic characteristics and dynamic failure criteria. Secondly, the jointing mechanism of contours controlled blasting is introduced, and the influence of confining pressure (ground stress) on crack formation is studied. It is concluded that smooth blasting is beneficial to obtain good blasting effect. Finally, numerical simulation analysis is carried out with ANSYS/LS-DYNA software to study the influence of ground stress on contours controlled blasting, which provides the basis for the selection of contour-controlled blasting methods. The key points and innovations of this paper are as follows: analyzing the difference of the effect of ground stress on smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting, it is concluded that the mode of smooth blasting should be preferred when there is ground stress; Through the field blasting test of engineering examples, the reasonable parameters of contours controlled blasting are put forward, and the 3D numerical models of smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting are established, respectively. The effect of different ground stress on contours controlled blasting is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：长江科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV554;TV542

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