长江上游大规模水库群综合运用联合优化调度研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 09:10

  本文选题：长江上游 + 大规模水库群　； 参考：《华中科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：长江上游金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河、嘉陵江、乌江等干支流雨水充足,水能丰富,是我国的战略水源地和大型水电基地。为合理开发利用流域水资源,长江上游干支流兴建和规划了一大批控制性水库,以确保中下游地区防洪安全,满足发电、供水、航运、生态等用水需求。随着这些控制性水库的建成投运,长江上游干支流水库群联合运行将成为必然选择。然而,长江上游水库群联合调度具有系统规模庞大、调度目标多样、约束条件复杂、水库调节性能各异等特点,是一类典型的高维、非线性、强耦合、多目标优化问题,难以通过传统的水库调度理论与方法加以解决。为此,本文围绕长江上游大规模水库群综合运用联合优化调度面临的若干关键科学问题,以流域水资源高效利用为目标,结合水库调度、水资源配置、系统分析和优化决策理论及方法,对综合运用需求下长江上游大规模水库群联合调度建模、求解和应用开展了深入研究,取得了一些理论研究和工程应用方面的重要成果,并在长江上游金沙江调控中心和华中电网调度中获得应用,主要成果包括：(1)针对三峡梯级汛期面临的防洪、发电、航运等调度需求,研究工作从综合效益最大化的角度,考虑梯级水库现有中小洪水运用研究成果,提出了基于运行水位-入库流量-下泄流量边界的防洪规则,推求了下泄流量-通航保证率间的映射关系,建立了基于多目标优化调度的汛期综合运用模型,进而制定了6种不同的汛期综合运用方案,并结合梯级水库设计方案和2009年优化调度方案,进行了实测径流、典型洪水和设计洪水下梯级水库汛期调度方案的模拟验证。结果表明,与已有调度方案相比,基于下游防洪航运发电目标次序的汛期综合运用方案,能够在不增加防洪风险的情况下,有效提高梯级水库汛期的通航保证率和总发电量。(2)围绕流域大规模水库群联合发电调度和模型求解问题,综合考虑各水库自身运行约束以及水库群间复杂水力、电力联系,建立了大规模混联水库群联合发电优化调度模型,并基于大系统分解协调和离散微分动态规划方法,利用随机策略生成水库调度初始解,提出相对水头系数确定子系统间协调因子,采用自适应廊道和偏廊道技术加快收敛速度,获得改进的LSSDC-DDDP混合优化方法,进行大规模水库群联合优化调度模型的高效求解。长江上游控制性水库群联合调度结果表明,改进的混合优化方法具有很好的收敛速度和优化效果；同时,水库群联合调度能够充分发挥流域库容补偿和水文补偿作用,从而有效提高梯级总发电量。(3)为实现长江上游干支流地区的水资源优化配置,研究工作考虑流域内已建和规划的控制性水库,合理利用水库群的兴利库容进行径流和供水调节,并结合流域内各种用水需求和水库综合运用需求,以流域供水缺额最小和水库群发电量最大为目标,建立了面向水资源优化配置的水库群联合调度模型。根据长江上游用水需求变化和水库群建设情况,分别从2015水平年和2025水平年的角度,进行了不同方案下长江上游水资源配置模拟。结果表明,流域大规模水库群联合调度能够在提高发电和生态效益的同时有效降低流域总供水缺额；此外,长江上游嘉陵江和岷沱江流域水资源供需矛盾突出,可以考虑节约用水和修建水利工程的措施加以解决。(4)为探究长江上游干支流水库群联合发电调度补偿效益及补偿规律,研究工作以雅砻江、金沙江、大渡河、乌江和长江干流大型水库为对象,考虑水库所属子流域及其调度业主,分别制定了单库优化调度、梯级水库联合调度和大规模混联水库群联合调度方案,并通过不同联合调度方案的长系列历史径流调度模拟,研究了梯级水库群联合调度中上下游水库间补偿关系,以及长江上游不同梯级联合调度方案下梯级间补偿与互补规律。在此基础上,考虑个体参与联合调度的贡献值大小,提出补偿-受益对等的改进贡献系数法和Shapley值法,进行了水库间和梯级间联合调度补偿效益分配,以充分调动水库业主参与水库群联合调度的积极性。
[Abstract]:The Jinsha River, the Yalong River, Dadu River, the Dadu River, the Jialingjiang River and the Wujiang are rich in rainwater and water energy. It is the strategic water source and large hydropower base in China. A large number of control reservoirs are built and planned for the rational exploitation and utilization of water resources in the river basin, so as to ensure the safety of flood control in the middle and lower reaches and meet the power generation. Water, shipping, ecological and other water requirements. With the completion of these controlled reservoirs, the joint operation of the trunk stream bank groups in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will be an inevitable choice. However, the joint operation of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has a large scale, various scheduling targets, complex constraints and different reservoir regulation performance, which is a typical high level. It is difficult to solve the problem of dimension, nonlinearity, strong coupling and multi-objective optimization, which is difficult to solve through the traditional reservoir scheduling theory and method. For this reason, this paper focuses on a number of key scientific problems facing the comprehensive utilization of large-scale reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with the goal of high efficiency utilization of water resources in the basin, combined with reservoir scheduling, water resource allocation, and system. The theory and method of the unified analysis and optimization of decision making have carried out a deep study on the modeling, solution and application of the large-scale reservoir group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under the comprehensive application demand, and obtained some important achievements in theoretical research and engineering application. It has been applied to the control center of the Jinsha River and the central China Power Grid in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The results include: (1) in view of the flood control, power generation, shipping and other dispatching requirements of the Three Gorges cascade flood season, from the perspective of the maximum comprehensive benefit, the research results of the existing small and medium flood use in the cascade reservoirs are considered, and the flood control rules based on the operating water level - the discharge flow and the discharge boundary are proposed, and the discharge - navigation guarantee rate is deduced. The comprehensive application model of flood season based on multi objective optimization scheduling is established, and then 6 different comprehensive utilization schemes for flood season are formulated, and combined with the cascade reservoir design scheme and the 2009 optimal scheduling scheme, the simulated verification of the measured runoff, typical flood and the flood season scheduling scheme for the cascade reservoirs under the design flood water is carried out. The results show that, compared with the existing scheduling scheme, the comprehensive utilization scheme based on the sequence of downstream flood control and shipping power targets can effectively improve the navigation guarantee rate and total generating capacity of the cascade reservoirs in flood season without increasing the risk of flood control. (2) comprehensive examination of the joint power generation scheduling and model solving of large-scale reservoir groups in the basin. Considering the operation constraints of each reservoir and the complex hydraulic and electric connection among the reservoirs, the optimal scheduling model of the joint power generation for the large-scale mixed reservoir group is established. Based on the decomposition coordination of large systems and the discrete differential dynamic programming method, the initial solution of the reservoir scheduling is generated by the random strategy, and the coordination factors of the relative water head coefficient determination subsystem are proposed. The adaptive corridor and partial corridor technique are used to speed up the convergence speed, and the improved LSSDC-DDDP hybrid optimization method is obtained. The combined optimal scheduling model of large-scale reservoir group is solved efficiently. The results of the joint scheduling of controlled reservoir groups in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River show that the improved hybrid optimization method has good convergence speed and optimization effect. At the same time, the reservoir group joint operation can make full use of the drainage capacity compensation and hydrological compensation function of the basin, thus effectively improve the total power generation of the cascade. (3) to realize the optimal allocation of water resources in the dry tributary area of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the research work considers the controlled water storehouse built and planned in the basin, and makes use of the capacity of the reservoir group to carry out the runoff and to carry out the runoff. Water supply regulation, combined with various water demand in the basin and the comprehensive utilization demand of the reservoir, in order to minimize the shortage of water supply in the basin and the maximum quantity of reservoir electricity, a joint dispatching model for the optimal allocation of water resources is set up. According to the change of the water demand and the construction of the reservoir group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the model is from the 2015 level and the 2025 respectively. The simulation of water resources allocation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under different schemes has been carried out. The results show that the joint scheduling of large scale reservoirs in the river basin can effectively reduce the total water supply shortage while improving the power generation and ecological benefits. In addition, the water supply and demand contradiction of the Jialing River and mintuo River Basin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is prominent, and the conservation of water resources can be considered. The measures of water use and construction of water conservancy projects are solved. (4) in order to explore the compensation benefit and compensation law of the joint power generation dispatching of the stream bank group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the research work takes the Yalong River, Jinsha River, Dadu River, Wujiang and the Yangtze River large reservoir as the object. The joint dispatching of the cascade reservoirs and the joint dispatching of the large scale mixed reservoir group, and through the long series of historical runoff scheduling simulation of different joint scheduling schemes, the compensation relationship between the upper and lower reservoirs in the joint scheduling of cascade reservoirs and the compensation and complementation law of the cascade under the different cascade joint scheduling schemes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are studied. On this basis, considering the contribution value of individual participation in joint scheduling, the improved contribution coefficient method and Shapley value method are proposed for compensation benefit equivalence, and the compensation benefit allocation of the joint dispatching between reservoirs and cascade is carried out so as to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the owners of reservoirs to participate in the joint dispatching of reservoirs.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV697.12
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本文编号：1959091