大坝对下游景观格局及生态系统服务的影响

发布时间：2018-06-01 16:16

本文选题：大坝 + 生态系统服务　；参考：《生态学杂志》2017年01期

【摘要】：大坝是水资源利用和调控的有效手段,为社会经济发展做出了重要贡献。大坝改变了河流的自然属性,是下游景观格局及生态系统服务变化的重要驱动力。大坝改变了区域水资源的时空配置,在不同尺度和不同层面产生相应的水分效应:(1)大坝引发了整个下游物理、化学和生物的变化,这种变化主要发生在流域水文、河道和物种流动等方面;(2)大坝改变地表水和地下水的动态,从而影响到河岸带、灌溉区、洪泛区及更远的横向区域。下游水源补给能力下降,使地下含水层和沿河湿地无法及时补充,干流与支流、湖泊间的互动关系被阻断,影响区域水资源的输送与交换;(3)水环境的变化影响社会经济发展的方向和程度,使下游土地利用和土地覆被发生相应的改变。生态系统服务在地理过程、生物过程和社会经济发展过程中产生和利用,大坝改变了水分、能量和物质的循环过程,对区域生态系统服务的维持带来深远的影响。河流是区域生态系统服务网络的核心和重要通道,大坝通过河流对下游产生初级和次级影响,强烈地改变了区域生态系统服务网络的稳定和发展。
[Abstract]:Dam is an effective means of water resources utilization and regulation, and has made an important contribution to social and economic development. The dam changes the natural properties of rivers and is an important driving force for the change of downstream landscape pattern and ecosystem services. The dam has changed the spatial and temporal distribution of regional water resources, resulting in the corresponding water effect at different scales and at different levels: 1) the dam has caused the physical, chemical and biological changes of the whole downstream, which mainly occur in the basin hydrology. The dam changes the dynamics of surface water and groundwater, thus affecting riparian zones, irrigation areas, floodplain areas and further lateral areas. The downstream water supply capacity has declined, making the underground aquifer and wetlands along the river unable to be replenished in time, and the interaction between the main stream and the tributaries and lakes has been blocked. The change of water environment affects the direction and degree of social and economic development and causes the corresponding changes of land use and land cover in the lower reaches. Ecosystem services are produced and used in geographic processes, biological processes and socio-economic development. Dams change the circulation of water, energy and matter, and have a profound impact on the maintenance of regional ecosystem services. The river is the core and important channel of the regional ecosystem service network. The dam has a primary and secondary influence on the downstream of the river, which strongly changes the stability and development of the regional ecosystem service network.
【作者单位】：河南大学环境与规划学院;南阳理工学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371195和41071118)资助
【分类号】：TV64;P901

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