内陆干旱区平原水库防蒸发塑料空心板节水试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 05:43

本文选题：防蒸发 + 塑料空心板　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：水文气候分别导致内陆干旱区降水量与蒸发量不平衡，新疆已走入了水资源总量严重匮乏的瓶颈期，水资源成为制约新疆社会、经济、环境可持续发展的主导因素。基于新疆水资源总量的严重不足，本文从降低因水库水面蒸发而消耗的大量水资源的角度探索如何有效减小水库水面蒸发，提高水资源有效供应量的节水新技术，以新疆昌吉州某水库为研究对象，拟采用塑料空心板为试验材料进行防蒸发试验研究，，从而达到平原水库防蒸发节水的目的。本文通过力学计算与材料性能测试优选了新型防蒸发材料——塑料空心板，并选取一定数量的单板面积为1.5m2、厚度为15cm的塑料空心板，展开为期一年的局部覆盖平原区水库库面的现场试验。采取对比交叉试验，记录不同布置方式、不同面积大小情况下防蒸发效果数据，通过数据整理分析得出，塑料空心板厚度为15cm，板间相互连接式的防蒸发效果最佳。另外，长期覆盖防蒸发材料可以再次检验材料的抗折、抗冻等性能。通过总结试验数据，并根据水面蒸发影响因子与水面蒸发量关系，初步建立了多因子水面蒸发模型。对水面蒸发影响因子与水面蒸发量关系进行数据处理，通过相关分析，确定模型参数，进而得出适合当地使用的水面蒸发模型。并根据多年资料对新建模型计算蒸发量结果进行误差分析。最后，在新建模型计算所得蒸发量基础上，计算出新型防蒸发材料完全覆盖及局部覆盖库面情况下，某一气象因子作用下防蒸发材料的有效防蒸发量，结果表明，防蒸发效果良好。试验观测及数据统计显示：该试验选取的塑料空心板的防蒸发效果达到85.7%，对于有效利用内陆干旱区平原水库水面蒸发量是有效的，防蒸发材料的选取是合理的。
[Abstract]:The hydrological climate leads to the imbalance between precipitation and evaporation in inland arid region respectively. Xinjiang has entered the bottleneck period of serious shortage of water resources. Water resources have become the leading factor restricting the sustainable development of society economy and environment in Xinjiang. Based on the serious shortage of the total water resources in Xinjiang, this paper explores how to effectively reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir and improve the effective supply of water resources by reducing the consumption of a large amount of water resources due to the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir. Taking a reservoir in Changjizhou, Xinjiang as the research object, this paper intends to use the plastic hollow board as the experimental material to carry out the experimental study on the evaporation prevention and water saving of the plain reservoir, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing evaporation and saving water in the plain reservoir. In this paper, a new type of evaporation-proof material, plastic hollow board, is selected by mechanical calculation and material performance test, and a certain number of plastic hollow panels with a veneer area of 1.5m2 and thickness of 15cm are selected. A one-year field test of partially covering the reservoir surface in plain area was carried out. By means of contrast and cross test, the data of anti-evaporation effect were recorded in different arrangement ways and different size of area. The results showed that the thickness of plastic hollow plate was 15 cm, and the best anti-evaporation effect was the type of interconnecting plate. In addition, long-term anti-evaporation materials can be re-examined the material's folding, frost resistance and other properties. By summarizing the experimental data and according to the relationship between the influence factors of water surface evaporation and the water surface evaporation capacity, a multi-factor water surface evaporation model was preliminarily established. Based on the data processing of the relationship between the influence factors of water surface evaporation and surface evaporation, the model parameters are determined by correlation analysis, and then a water surface evaporation model suitable for local use is obtained. According to the data of many years, the error analysis of the calculation results of evaporation by the new model is carried out. Finally, on the basis of the evaporation quantity calculated by the new model, the effective evaporation control capacity of the evaporative material under the action of a meteorological factor is calculated under the condition of complete coverage of the new evaporative material and partial coverage of the reservoir surface. The results show that, The effect of preventing evaporation is good. The experimental observation and data statistics show that the anti-evaporation effect of the plastic hollow plate selected in this experiment is 85.7, which is effective for the effective utilization of the surface evaporation of the plain reservoir in the inland arid area, and the selection of the anti-evaporation material is reasonable.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV697

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