基于SWMM的海绵城市防洪排涝效果评估

发布时间：2018-06-05 19:08

本文选题：海绵城市 + SWMM　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城镇化的不断推进,城市不透水比例大幅增加,绿化面积减少、城市河流河道底部硬化,使城市降雨产流量变大,汇流时间变短。同时气候变化导致极端天气频发,城市防洪压力越来越大。我国大部分城市的排水管网老旧,难以适应城市快速发展的要求,城市的防洪和内涝问题严重困扰着经济社会的发展。与此同时,从城市水资源角度来看,大部分城市存在着水资源供给不足、地下水超采,地下水位下降的问题。因此在应对城市雨水管理过程中,迫切需要一种先进的雨水管理理念。海绵城市作为一种先进的雨水资源管理理念,不仅有利于解决城市内涝灾害、雨水径流污染,而且还能够对收集的雨水重复利用、回灌地下水等,对于我国生态文明城市的建设具有重大意义。本文首先研究对比了我国的海绵城市建设和国外发达国家的雨水资源管理理念。然后以丹东市为例展开分析研究：收集排水防涝相关资料、从已有排水设施、排水分区、暴雨特性、历史内涝等方面分析了丹东市防洪排涝现状,在此基础上选择丹东市站前排水分区作为研究区域。依据海绵城市建设指南和相关规范,制定了研究区域海绵城市改造的目标、规划期限、海绵城市改造技术路线。根据研究区域的下垫面分析,从渗透功能为主、存储为主、两者组合的角度,制定了三种不同的海绵城市改造方案。收集站前排水分区的排水管网、DEM图、土地利用资料,并通过ArcGIS的空间分析等功能,完成了排水管网概化、子汇水区域划分、平均坡度分析等。完成了站前排水分区的分布式水文模型建模。采用综合径流系数和历史内涝点验证法,对模型的不确定参数进行了率定和验证。应用SWMM模型对站前排水分区的现状排水管网能力进行了分析。设定了三种不同降雨情景,2年一遇、5年一遇以及2013年典型暴雨。对比了同一降雨情景下三种不同改造方案的防洪排涝效果的差异性；不同降雨情景下同一种海绵城市改造方案的不同效果。每一种海绵城市改造方案,在重现期较小的情况下,都能起到很好的防洪排涝效果。随着重现期的增大,以渗透为主的方案一和以存储的方案二,在降低洪峰流量和延迟洪峰时刻上作用类似,不存在明显差异。但是组合功能的方案三,防洪排涝效果明显。三种方案均能有效提高排水管网的排水能力。重现期小的时候效果更明显,重现期增大时,因为相关低影响开发措施的“蓄、滞”功能趋近于饱和,对排水管网的改善有限。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization in our country, the proportion of impermeable water in cities increases greatly, the green area decreases, and the bottom of urban rivers harden, which makes the urban rainfall yield and discharge increase and the confluence time become shorter. At the same time, climate change leads to frequent extreme weather, urban flood control pressure is increasing. The drainage pipe network of most cities in our country is old and old, so it is difficult to adapt to the requirement of the rapid development of the city. The problems of flood control and waterlogging in the city seriously hinder the development of economy and society. At the same time, from the point of view of urban water resources, most cities have the problems of insufficient supply of water resources, overexploitation of groundwater and decline of groundwater level. Therefore, in the process of dealing with urban Rain Water management, an advanced Rain Water management concept is urgently needed. As an advanced concept of Rain Water resource management, sponge city can not only solve the waterlogging disaster, Rain Water runoff pollution, but also reuse the collected Rain Water, recharge the groundwater, etc. It is of great significance to the construction of ecological civilization city in our country. This paper first studies and compares the concept of sponge city construction in China and Rain Water resource management in developed countries. Then taking Dandong City as an example, the paper analyzes the present situation of flood control and drainage in Dandong City from the aspects of drainage facilities, drainage zoning, rainstorm characteristics, historical waterlogging, and so on. On the basis of this, the drainage area of Dandong City is chosen as the research area. According to the construction guide and related norms of sponge city, the research goal, planning period and technical route of sponge city reconstruction were established. According to the analysis of the underlying surface of the study area, three different kinds of sponge city reconstruction schemes were established from the angle of permeation function, storage and combination. Through collecting the Dem map, land use data and other functions of ArcGIS, the drainage pipe network is generalized, the sub-catchment area is divided, and the average slope is analyzed. The distributed hydrological model modeling of the drainage area in front of the station is completed. The method of comprehensive runoff coefficient and historical waterlogging point verification is used to verify the uncertain parameters of the model. The SWMM model is used to analyze the current drainage network capacity in front of the station. Three different rainfall scenarios were set up, including once in two, once in five, and as a typical rainstorm in 2013. The difference of flood control and waterlogging effects of three different transformation schemes under the same rainfall scenario and the different effects of the same sponge city reconstruction plan under different rainfall scenarios are compared. In the case of small recurrence period, each sponge city reconstruction scheme can play a very good flood control and drainage effect. With the increase of the recurrence period, there is no significant difference between the osmotic scheme 1 and the storage scheme 2 in reducing the Hong Feng traffic and delaying the Hong Feng time. But the combination function of the third, flood control and drainage effect is obvious. The three schemes can effectively improve the drainage capacity of the drainage network. When the recurrence period is small, the effect is more obvious, and when the recurrence period increases, because the function of "storage and lag" of the relevant low impact development measures approaches to saturation, the improvement of drainage pipe network is limited.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

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