基于DEM的河床冲淤量计算与评价

发布时间：2018-06-07 17:37

本文选题：数字高程模型 + 不规则三角网　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：河床冲淤量计算分析是进行科学实验、水利工程建设和预测河床演变的基础性工作,具有重要的科学和实践意义。传统的基于实测资料的计算分析方法,存在计算精度不够高,不能给出详细的河床冲淤分布情况的问题。GIS技术具有强大的空间计算分析和地图表达能力,引入数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)后,不仅更增强了GIS的空间计算分析能力,而且还能直观的反映区域内地形起伏变化,正好为改善传统河床冲淤计算分析方法存在的问题提供了条件。本文以黄河尾闾利津(三)断面至清3断面河床为例,选择了2004年4月和10月、2006年4月和10月、2008年4月和10月、2010年4月和10月共8期断面实测数据,分别利用ArcGIS和Surfer软件构建河床格网DEM,进行河床槽蓄量与冲淤量的计算,并对两种方法的冲淤量计算结果进行了详细的比较分析,并选择了2005年4月和10的断面实测数据进行计算验证。主要工作如下:1)提出了一种基于河床断面实测数据构建河床格网DEM的可行方法。通过对研究区河床地貌特征和断面实测数据特点的分析,确立河床插值线,后沿河床插值线进行河床高程点的插值加密。并利用ArcGIS Engine二次开发技术,编程实现了断面实测点数据的导入和沿河床插值线进行插值加密生成加密高程点,在此基础上生成了较高质量的河床DEM数据。2)基于ArcGIS和Surfer两种软件计算得到的研究区河段同一时段的河床冲淤量正负号相同,即两种方法计算结果所表现出的同一时段河床冲刷或淤积性质相同。但是,两种方法所采用的DEM体积计算原理不同,导致根据相同断面实测数据计算得到冲淤量数值有差别,但大小趋势相同。3)自开始实施黄河调水调沙以来,每年4月份至10月份,研究区河段河床总体处于冲刷状态,不同的年份,河床冲刷量差异大;每年10月份至第二年4月份,研究区河段河床总体处于淤积状态;在一个完整的一年期时间段内,研究区河段河床总体冲刷量大于总体淤积量,与研究区河段实际的河床冲淤性质相符,说明本文基于DEM的河床冲淤量计算是可靠的。
[Abstract]:The calculation and analysis of river bed scour and deposition is the basic work for carrying out scientific experiments, water conservancy engineering construction and predicting river bed evolution, which has important scientific and practical significance. The traditional calculation and analysis method based on the measured data has the problem that the calculation precision is not high enough to give the detailed distribution of river bed scour and silt. The GIS technology has a powerful ability of spatial calculation and analysis and map expression. The introduction of digital elevation model (Digital elevation Model) not only enhances the spatial calculation and analysis ability of GIS, but also can directly reflect the topographic fluctuation in the region, which provides the condition for improving the problems existing in the traditional calculation and analysis method of river bed scour and deposition. Taking the riverbed of section 3 from section 3 to section 3 of the end of the Yellow River as an example, the measured data of 8 transects were selected in April and October 2004, April and October 2006, April and October 2008, April and October 2010, respectively. ArcGIS and Surfer software are used to construct river bed grid DEM, to calculate channel storage and scour and silt, and to compare and analyze the calculation results of the two methods in detail. The cross-section measured data of April and October 2005 were selected to be calculated and verified. The main work is as follows: (1) A feasible method of constructing river bed grid Dem based on the measured data of river bed section is presented. Based on the analysis of the geomorphological characteristics of the river bed and the measured data of the section in the study area, the interpolation line of the river bed is established, and the interpolation line of the river bed along the river bed is interpolated to encrypt the elevation point of the river bed. By using the ArcGIS engine secondary development technology, the data import of the measured points of the section and the interpolation line along the riverbed are programmed to generate the encrypted elevation points, and the interpolation lines along the river bed are interpolated to generate the encrypted elevation points. On this basis, a high quality river bed Dem data. 2) based on ArcGIS and Surfer software, the river bed scour and silt volume in the same period of time in the studied area is equal in positive and negative sign. The results of the two methods show the same properties of river bed erosion or deposition in the same time period. However, the Dem volume calculation principle used in the two methods is different, which leads to the difference of the scour and silt value according to the measured data of the same section, but the trend is the same. 3) since the implementation of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation, From April to October of each year, the river bed in the study area is generally in the state of scour, the amount of river bed scouring varies greatly in different years, and from October to April of the year, the river bed in the study area is in the state of siltation. In a complete period of one year, the total scour amount of the river bed in the study area is larger than the total siltation amount, which is consistent with the actual river bed scour and siltation property in the study area, which shows that the calculation of the river bed scour and deposition based on Dem in this paper is reliable.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV147

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