河道生态治理技术与案例分析

发布时间：2018-06-14 22:36

本文选题：河道 + 生态治理　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在环境日益变化的今天,河流面临着前所未有的破坏和污染,河道生态治理是五水共治的根本,因地制宜、因河而异的河道生态治理是十分迫切和必要的。通过资料查阅、模型分析、实例应用,得出主要结论如下： (1)河道生态治理的主要模式山溪性河道应注意改变传统的河道直线化设计,采用复式断面、生物固堤、植物护坡,恢复河流浅滩与深潭交替的多样性河流生态环境；平原河网地区应该最大限度地保留河道的自然岸坡,沿岸以植树和种草为主,挡土墙与河岸景观相结合,保护湿地,营造水生动植物生存繁衍环境；城镇村集居地河道生态治理主要是疏挖河道、加高培厚堤防,修筑水工建筑物,注重河道生态环境的保护。 (2)河道生态治理的主要技术河道的平面(形态)设计应该遵从自然和现状条件,尽量保持原始河道自然弯曲；河道的断面(多样化)设计要保护和修复河流的自然断面形态,改变单一的断面结构,断面形式主要包括矩形断面、梯形断面、复式断面和双层断面等；生态型护坡和护岸技术,包括材料护坡、工程措施护坡以及生态新型护坡等；生物生态治理包括生物膜、生物栅、生物浮床、生物浮岛以及土壤生物工程等；城市河流岸边植被恢复遵循自然性、功能性、乡土树种和外来树种结合的原则进行设计；滨水景观设施包括水上舞台、灯光喷泉、亲水台阶等,独具地方特色地赋予景观更多的内涵。 (3)案例分析及结论结合杭州市余杭区中塘河河道治理具体案例,分析河道现状,阐述治理思路、具体措施和相关设计,进行综合整治,改善河流景观及环境质量,提高河流功能性和环境承载力,构建生态型河道,综合相关技术知识对其进行研究,提高周边社会经济发展水平,以期为以后的河道综合治理提供参考,为五水共治提供理论基础和实践经验,为浙江省甚至我国各城市河道治理提供有效的技术指导与借鉴。
[Abstract]:Today , the river is faced with unprecedented destruction and pollution , the river ecological management is the fundamental of the five - water co - treatment , and it is very urgent and necessary for the river channel ecological management due to the river . The main conclusions are as follows :

( 1 ) Main modes of river ecological governance

The river course of Shanxi River should be careful to change the traditional linear design of the river course , and adopt the complex section , the bio - solid embankment and the plant slope protection to restore the diversity river ecological environment of the river shoal and the deep pool .
The natural bank slope of the river should be kept to the maximum extent in the plain river network area , with planting trees and grass as the main , the retaining wall and the river bank landscape are combined to protect the wetland , so as to create the aquatic animal and plant survival breeding environment ;
The ecological management of the river channel in the village of the town is mainly the dredging river course , the Gao Pei - hou embankment , the construction of the hydraulic structure , and the protection of the ecological environment of the river course .

( 2 ) Main technology of river ecological governance

The plane ( form ) design of the river course shall comply with the natural and current conditions , and keep the original river course naturally curved ;
The section of the river channel ( diversification ) is designed to protect and repair the natural cross section of the river and change the single section structure . The section form mainly includes rectangular section , trapezoid section , compound section and double - layer section .
Ecological slope protection and revetment technology , including material slope protection , engineering measures slope protection and ecological slope protection ;
The biological ecological treatment includes biofilm , biological grid , biological floating bed , biological floating island and soil biological engineering .
The restoration of vegetation in coastal areas of urban rivers follows the principles of natural , functional , native tree species and exotic tree species .
The waterfront landscape facilities include the water stage , the light fountain , the hydrophilic step and so on , have unique local characteristics to give the landscape more connotation .

( 3 ) Case analysis and conclusion

Combined with the specific case of river course management of Tanghe River in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City , the present situation of river channel is analyzed , the thoughts , concrete measures and relevant design of the river are expounded , comprehensive treatment is carried out , the river landscape and the environmental quality are improved , the functional and environmental carrying capacity of the river is improved , the ecological river channel is constructed , the comprehensive related technical knowledge is researched , the surrounding social economic development level is improved , the theoretical basis and practical experience are provided for the five - water common treatment , so as to provide effective technical guidance and reference for the management of the river courses in the Zhejiang Province and even in China .
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X171.4;TV85

【参考文献】