基于粮食需求的东北三省水资源自给率地域分异研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 06:32

本文选题：粮食作物 + 虚拟水　；参考：《东北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国是一个农业大国，，农业是国民经济的基础，水是农业的命脉。因此，水安全与粮食安全息息相关，而日益短缺的水资源已经严重影响了粮食安全。虚拟水理论打破了人们的传统观念，并为研究和解决水资源和粮食安全问题提供了新思路。本文通过对东北三省36个地级市单位质量粮食作物初级产品虚拟水含量、虚拟水总量和各地级市居民粮食消费的虚拟水量的计算，分析东北三省居民粮食消费的虚拟水的动态变化。同时根据各地级市粮食产量和居民粮食消费的虚拟水量，计算其粮食消费的水资源自给率，并分析基于粮食需求的东北三省水资源自给率的时序变化特征和空间分布规律，可以为东北三省粮食作物种植结构的调整及农业水资源优化配置提供理论借鉴和参考依据。本文主要的研究内容和结论如下：第一，东北三省四种单位质量粮食作物初级产品的虚拟水含量差异较明显。单位质量大豆和小麦作物初级产品的虚拟水含量一直处于首位，单位质量水稻的虚拟水含量紧随其后，单位质量玉米的虚拟水含量最低。第二，1998-2012年东北三省粮食的播种面积不断增加，其虚拟水总量也呈波动上升趋势。粮食虚拟水总量中，玉米所占比重最大，水稻次之，然后是大豆，小麦最少。东北三省中部和偏北地区的粮食作物虚拟水量较大，位于中部的吉林省是生产玉米的黄金地带，北部的黑龙江省则盛产大豆和水稻，小麦整体产量偏低。第三，东北三省的粮食消费虚拟水总量整体呈下降趋势，波动幅度较大。粮食消费的虚拟水量中水稻和小麦占绝对优势，而玉米比重较小，大豆比重更小。其中，水稻所占比重不断增加，逐渐占据了主导地位。小麦所占比重不断减少，逐渐退居第二的位置。各种粮食消费的虚拟水量较大的地级市主要集中在东北三省的中部和偏北地区。第四，15年来，东北三省的四种粮食作物中，玉米和大豆两种作物的虚拟水量完全可以自给自足，大部分地区水稻作物的虚拟水量能够满足自身的需要，并且可以自给自足的地级市越来越多，而大部分地级市的小麦水资源自给率正逐渐降低，尤其是东北三省的南部地区。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country, agriculture is the basis of the national economy, water is the lifeblood of agriculture. Therefore, water security and food security are closely related, and the growing shortage of water resources has seriously affected food security. Virtual water theory breaks the traditional concept of people and provides a new way to study and solve the problem of water resources and food security. In this paper, the virtual water content, the total amount of virtual water and the amount of virtual water consumed by residents in 36 prefectural cities of Northeast China are calculated. This paper analyzes the dynamic changes of the virtual water consumption of the residents in the three provinces of Northeast China. At the same time, according to the grain output of each prefectural city and the fictitious water quantity of resident grain consumption, the water resources self-sufficiency rate of grain consumption is calculated, and the time series change characteristic and spatial distribution law of water resources self-sufficiency rate based on grain demand are analyzed. It can provide theoretical reference and reference for adjusting the planting structure of grain crops and optimizing the allocation of agricultural water resources in the three provinces of Northeast China. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the virtual water content of four kinds of grain crops per unit mass in three provinces of Northeast China is different obviously. The virtual water content of the primary products of soybean and wheat crops was always in the first place, followed by the virtual water content of rice per unit mass and the lowest of corn per unit mass. From 1998 to 2012, the sown area of grain in the three provinces of Northeast China increased continuously, and the total fictitious water content also fluctuated and increased. Corn accounted for the largest proportion, followed by rice, soybean and wheat. The virtual water content of grain crops in the central and northward regions of Northeast China is large. Jilin Province in the central part is the golden zone for maize production, while Heilongjiang Province in the north is rich in soybeans and rice, and the overall yield of wheat is on the low side. Third, the total amount of virtual water for grain consumption in the three provinces of Northeast China shows a downward trend and fluctuates greatly. In the virtual water consumption of grain, rice and wheat accounted for the absolute dominance, while the proportion of corn was smaller, and the proportion of soybean was even smaller. Among them, the proportion of rice increasing, gradually occupied the leading position. Wheat accounts for a declining proportion, gradually retreating into the second place. The prefecture-level cities with large fictitious water consumption of all kinds of grain are mainly concentrated in the central and northward regions of the three northeastern provinces. Fourth, in the past 15 years, among the four grain crops in the three provinces of Northeast China, two crops, corn and soybean, have been completely self-sufficient in virtual water, and the virtual water supply of rice crops in most regions can meet their own needs. And more prefecture-level cities are self-sufficient, and the self-sufficiency rate of wheat water resources in most prefectural cities is gradually decreasing, especially in the south of the three northeastern provinces.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4

【参考文献】