面向山洪预警的水雨情监测站网布设方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 22:28

本文选题：水雨情站网 + 站网布设　；参考：《地球信息科学学报》2017年12期

【摘要】：山洪灾害是中国高频发、高死亡率的自然灾害之一。水雨情站网的合理布设及优化,有利于捕获区域暴雨、洪水情势变化的时空异质性,可显著提高中小流域山洪预警的精度,增强山洪灾害防御能力。本文以山洪灾害高发的福建省顺昌县为例,提出了面向山洪预警的水雨情站网布设方法。县内现状雨量和水位站网监测密度分别为37 km2/站和76 km2/站,主要分布在平原主干河流地区,山洪灾害重点防治区内站网布设不足,小流域暴雨山洪监测和预警能力较弱。针对上述问题,综合分析流域降雨时空特征、历史山洪灾害与山洪灾害预警预报需求,对研究区水雨情站网进行了合理性分析和布设研究,建议增设雨量站3座、水位站3座,其中一座水位站同时监测降雨过程,调整后县内雨量站和水位站的监测密度达到34 km2/站和68 km2/站。本文研究对山洪灾害高发区的水雨情站网布设具有参考和指导意义。
[Abstract]:Mountain torrents are one of the high-frequency and high-mortality natural disasters in China. The reasonable arrangement and optimization of water and rain station network is beneficial to capture the regional rainstorm and the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of flood situation change. It can significantly improve the accuracy of mountain flood early warning and enhance the ability of mountain flood disaster prevention in middle and small watershed. Taking Shunchang County, Fujian Province with a high incidence of mountain torrents, as an example, this paper puts forward a method of setting up water and rain station network for early warning of mountain torrents. The monitoring densities of rainfall and water level stations in the county are 37 km2/ and 76 km2/, respectively, which are mainly distributed in the main river area of the plain. The network of the main mountain flood prevention and control area is insufficient, and the monitoring and early warning ability of rainstorm in small watershed is weak. In view of the above problems, this paper synthetically analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall in the watershed, the demand for early warning and forecasting of historical mountain torrents and mountain torrents, and makes a rational analysis and arrangement of the network of water and rain information stations in the study area. It is suggested to add 3 rainfall stations and 3 water level stations. One of the stations monitored the rainfall process at the same time, and the monitoring densities of the adjusted rainfall stations and water level stations reached 34 km2/ and 68 km2/ stations. The research in this paper is of reference and guiding significance to the water and rain station network in the high incidence area of mountain torrents.
【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院;水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心;顺昌县水利局;福建省防汛抗旱指挥部办公室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51409143) 中国水科院科研专项(JZ0145B042016)
【分类号】：P336

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