城市化对西安市降水及河流水文过程的影响

发布时间：2018-06-16 09:14

本文选题：城市化 + 降水　；参考：《干旱区地理》2017年02期

【摘要】：为探究城市化对西安市降水机制及城市河流灞河下游水文过程的影响,根据西安市及灞河1970-2015年水文气象资料以及由遥感影像解译得到的土地利用数据,在分析西安市降水、土地利用特征及灞河下游降水、径流变化特征的基础上,运用水文特征参数时间序列法分析城市化对西安市降水的影响以及灞河水文过程的影响。结果表明:1970-2015灞河降水量呈不显著下降趋势,而径流量呈显著下降趋势;西安市土地利用程度较高,土地利用变化表现为耕地及林地向建设用地转移;受城市化影响,西安市降水机制发生了改变,强降水频次呈增加趋势,且城区增幅大于郊区;降水年内分配不均匀,越来越集中于夏季,增加了城市内涝的威胁;城市化对灞河下游降水-径流关系产生了影响,降水对径流的影响呈减弱趋势,而城市化对径流的影响呈增强趋势;此外,受城市化影响,灞河下游径流量年内波动趋缓,特别是汛期;城市化是影响径流变化的主要因素(61.5%),降水变化是影响径流变化的次要因素(38.5%);灞河下游径流量的减流主要是水利工程的作用及过量开采傍河地下水。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the effect of urbanization on precipitation mechanism and hydrological process in the lower reaches of Bahe River in Xi'an City, according to the hydrometeorological data of Xi'an City and Bahe River from 1970 to 2015 and the land use data from remote sensing images, the precipitation of Xi'an City was analyzed. Based on the characteristics of land use and precipitation and runoff in the lower reaches of Bahe River, the influence of urbanization on precipitation and the hydrological process of Bahe River were analyzed by using the time series method of hydrological parameters. The results showed that the precipitation of the Bahe River from 1970 to 2015 showed no significant downward trend, while the runoff showed a significant downward trend, and the land use degree of Xi'an City was relatively high, and the change of land use represented by the transfer of cultivated land and woodland to the construction land, which was affected by urbanization. The precipitation mechanism of Xi'an has changed, the frequency of heavy precipitation is increasing, and the increase of urban area is larger than that of suburb, and the distribution of precipitation is uneven, which is more and more concentrated in summer, which increases the threat of urban waterlogging. Urbanization has an impact on the relationship between precipitation and runoff in the lower reaches of Bahe River, and the influence of precipitation on runoff tends to weaken, while the influence of urbanization on runoff shows an increasing trend. In addition, due to the influence of urbanization, the annual fluctuation of runoff in the lower reaches of Bahe River slows down. Especially in flood season, urbanization is the main factor affecting runoff change, precipitation change is the secondary factor affecting runoff change, and runoff reduction in the lower reaches of Bahe River is mainly the function of water conservancy engineering and excessive exploitation of groundwater along the river.
【作者单位】：长安大学环境科学与工程学院;长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(12120113004800) 陕西省自然科学基金(2014JM1030)
【分类号】：P333

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