基于水力学模型的城市除涝方案分析研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 15:38

本文选题：城市防洪 + 除涝规划　；参考：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,国内各大城市频繁发生内涝,影响了人们的正常工作学习和生活,甚至造成了巨大的经济损失,对人民生命安全也造成了威胁,防洪除涝工作对于城市可持续发展非常重要,如何合理分析不同类别城市区域易涝点特点与形成机理,充分利用资金及资源以提高除涝效果,目前成为了城市防洪除涝工作的重心。在地形比较复杂的城市,不同易涝点形成的过程及关键影响因素往往不同,应有针对性地对各种典型易涝点作除涝效果对比分析研究；以往研究中由于资料所限,或使用经验推理公式,或对管网数据进行概化,利用有精细资料的管网、地形、下垫面数据进行模拟的研究较少,而这些资料是提高水力学模型模拟精度的关键,也是除涝方案比较的基础。因此,本文结合《大连市城市防洪排涝规划》项目,选取大连市内具有代表性的平原、入海口、丘陵三种典型区域,从以下两个方面进行了深入研究： (1)通过采用DHI公司研发的MIKE系列软件,利用较高精度资料对研究区域管网进行建模并验证模型可靠性。采用MIKE URBAN模型对研究区域管网在设计暴雨重现期下的排水现状能力进行模拟分析,根据模拟结果,找到各易涝点的瓶颈管道。结合不同类型易涝点的特点选用不同除涝方案进行分析。根据每种方案的单价,结合各易涝点除涝方案改造的不同工程量,设立四种不同的改造成本情景分别为150万元、300万元、450万元、600万元,分别在不同改造成本下对每种除涝方案进行进一步分析,并确定出典型易涝点较优除涝方案,为以后的城市除涝工作,尤其是大中城市防洪除涝方案制订提供参考。通过计算与对比,得出平原区域增大管径的方案除涝效果较好,入海口地区适合采用泵站方案,丘陵地区设置蓄水池可有效的集蓄雨水资源,同时削减洪峰,减轻甚至消除内涝。 (2)气候变化及人类活动影响近年来不断增强,城市除涝方案的规划一定程度上也受到未来变化不确定性的影响。降雨强度、地形及下垫面情况、排水管网状况是城市防洪的关键影响因素,城市防洪除涝需根据现状评估结果,考虑城市发展需求并结合上述关键影响因素对管网及除涝设施进行规划。近年来变化因素逐渐增强,如近期气候变化导致降雨,尤其是降雨强度发生了改变[1-3]；城市化过快增长导致城市不透水面积急剧增大；某些管道建设时代较长,未来管道的排水能力易受各种因素影响从而可能有较大程度降低等,这些因素变化的不确定性均会对城市内涝产生一定的影响。因此,研究分别对可能变化因素定性选择不同的情景值,然后进行除涝方案变化条件下的适用性分析。建立情景如下：①根据大连市历史降雨统计情况,在50年一遇的除涝标准前提下,设定不同情景降雨强度分别增加10%、20%、30%；②论文研究的典型区域位于大连市中心城区,为商业发达地区,地面硬化程度较高,考虑城市化的不利影响,考虑径流系数分别增长至0.75、0.8、0.85情景下城市化进程对城市内涝的影响；③根据《城镇排水管道检测与评估技术规程(CJJ181-2012)》对管道沉淀等级的划分结果,结合大连市地面污染物实际情况,选取沉淀物厚度与管径的比例为10%、20%、30%三个指标。在此基(?)础上,对易涝点进行内涝模拟研究,结合第三章所得结论,在各个易涝点采用较优除涝方案进行改造的基础上,研究其在不同情景条件下适用性情况。以50年一遇内涝标准为基础,分析研究区域典型易涝点对降雨强度、城市化进程、管网沉淀的变化的敏感性,为以后的除涝工作提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of waterlogging in major cities in China has affected people's normal work and life, even caused huge economic losses and threatened the life safety of the people. The work of flood control and waterlogging is very important for the sustainable development of the city. How to analyze the characteristics and forming machine of the waterlogging points in different types of cities Rationale, making full use of funds and resources to improve the effect of waterlogging, has become the focus of urban flood control and waterlogging.
In the city with complex terrain, the process and key influencing factors of different waterlogging points are often different. It should be aimed at the comparative analysis and analysis of the effect of various typical waterlogging points. In the past, the data are limited, or the empirical reasoning formula is used, or the data of the pipe network is generalized, and the pipe network with fine data is used. There are few studies on the terrain and the simulation of the underlying surface data, and these data are the key to improve the simulation accuracy of the hydraulics model and the basis of the comparison of the waterlogging schemes. Therefore, this paper combines the project of the urban flood control and drainage planning of Dalian City, and selects three typical areas in Dalian, which are representative of the city, the mouth of the sea, and the hilly areas, from the following two An in-depth study was carried out.
(1) by using the MIKE series software developed by DHI company, using the high precision data to model the research area network and verify the reliability of the model, the MIKE URBAN model is used to simulate the drainage current capacity of the research area network under the design of the rainstorm recurrence period, and the bottleneck pipe of each waterlogging point is found according to the simulation results. In accordance with the characteristics of different types of waterlogging points, the different waterlogging schemes are selected to be analyzed. According to the unit price of each scheme and the different engineering quantities of different waterlogging points, four different reconstruction cost scenarios are set up for 1 million 500 thousand yuan, 3 million yuan, 4 million 500 thousand yuan, and 6 million yuan respectively. Further analysis, and determine the typical waterlogging point better waterlogging scheme, for future urban waterlogging work, especially in the large and middle city flood control and waterlogging scheme to provide reference. Through the calculation and comparison, it is concluded that the plan to increase the pipe diameter of the plain area is better, the port area is suitable for the use of pumping station scheme, and the hilly area set up the reservoir. It can effectively collect rainwater resources and reduce flood peak, reduce or even eliminate waterlogging.
(2) the impact of climate change and human activities has been increasing in recent years. The planning of urban waterlogging scheme has also been affected by uncertainty of future change to some extent. Rainfall intensity, terrain and underlying surface condition, drainage pipe network condition is the key factor of urban flood control. Urban flood control and waterlogging should be based on the status assessment results and consider urban development. In recent years, the changing factors have gradually increased, such as the recent climate change caused by the rainfall, especially the rainfall intensity changed [1-3]; the rapid urbanization resulted in the rapid increase in the urban water permeable area; some pipeline construction times, the future pipeline The drainage capacity is easily affected by various factors and may be greatly reduced. The uncertainty of these factors will all have a certain influence on the urban waterlogging. Therefore, the study of the possible variation factors is qualitatively selected for different situation values, and then the applicability analysis under the condition of the change of the waterlogging scheme is carried out. The following situation is set up as follows : (1) according to the historical rainfall statistics of Dalian, the rainfall intensity of different scenarios is set up by 10%, 20%, 30%, under the premise of the 50 year's first encounter of waterlogging, and the typical area of the paper is located in the downtown of Dalian, which is a commercial developed area with a high degree of ground hardening, considering the adverse effects of urbanization and considering the runoff coefficient. Do not increase to the effect of urbanization process on urban waterlogging under the situation of 0.75,0.8,0.85; thirdly, according to the results of the classification of the precipitation grade of the urban drainage pipeline (CJJ181-2012), combined with the actual situation of the ground pollutants in Dalian, the proportion of the sediment thickness to the pipe diameter is 10%, 20%, and 30% indexes. On the basis of this, the waterlogging simulation of waterlogging points is studied. On the basis of the third chapters, the applicability of the waterlogging points under the different scenarios is studied on the basis of the different scenarios. Based on the standard of 50 years of waterlogging, the paper analyzes the rainfall intensity, the urbanization process of the typical waterlogging points in the study area, and the process of urbanization. The sensitivity of net precipitation changes will provide reference for future waterlogging.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

【参考文献】