基于水电开发的河流生态需水量及生态影响减缓措施研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 02:52

本文选题：减水河段 + 生态环境　；参考：《西北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着自然界的水文循环,水能可反复再生的为人类持续利用。人类社会为满足经济发展和社会进步的需求,采取水利工程措施来对河流进行控制和改造以达到水能开发利用的目的。在水能利用带来十分可观的经济利益和积极环境效益的同时,也造成了不同程度的负面影响。本文以培江上游某引水式水电站大坝下游的减水河段为研究对象,依据维持河段原有水生生态环境和鱼类生境的要求,对减水河段的最小生态下泄流量进行研究,同时对工程建设可能对下游生态环境造成的影响进行分析并提出相应的影响减缓措施。本研究获得以下成果： (1)生态影响引水式水电站作为水电开发一种重要形式,在水能利用领域里被广泛采用。但是其在施工建设和运行发电等时期会对下游河流生态造成不可回避的不利生态影响。例如因为水库引水形成由闸坝至厂房之间的河段减水、脱水；大坝阻隔对鱼类的影响；下游水文情势的影响；以及减水及水文情势改变对水生、陆生生态造成的影响等。 (2)生态需水量在对国内外相关研究成果的基础上,分析目前对于坝下减水河段生态需水量计算方法的原理、适用范围及特点。通过对研究河段的断面参数、水力生境参数的研究分析及影响区域的生态环境现状的调查分析,选取生态水力学法计算坝下减水河段生态基流量,Tennant法对结果进行复核验证。 (3)减缓措施对工程建设可能对生态环境造成的影响进行分析,包括下游水文情势、泥沙情势变化、水环境、地下水环境、陆生生态、水生生态、视觉景观等,并基于分析结果提出相应的生态影响减缓措施。
[Abstract]:With the hydrological cycle of nature, water energy can be regenerated repeatedly for human sustainable use. In order to meet the needs of economic development and social progress, water conservancy engineering measures are adopted to control and transform rivers in order to achieve the purpose of water energy development and utilization. Water utilization brings considerable economic benefits and positive environmental benefits at the same time it also causes negative effects to varying degrees. Based on the requirement of maintaining the original aquatic ecological environment and fish habitat, this paper studies the minimum ecological discharge of the diversion dam downstream of a diversion hydropower station in the upper reaches of the Peijiang River, according to the requirements of maintaining the original aquatic ecological environment and the fish habitat of the reach. At the same time, the impact of engineering construction on the downstream ecological environment is analyzed and the corresponding mitigation measures are put forward. The results of this study are as follows: 1) as an important form of hydropower development, ecological impact diversion hydropower station is widely used in the field of water energy utilization. However, in the period of construction and power generation, the downstream river ecology can not be avoided. For example, because of the diversion of water from the reservoir to the formation of water reduction and dehydration in the reach between the dam and the factory building; the impact of dam barriers on fish; the effect of downstream hydrological conditions; and the effects of water reduction and changes in hydrological conditions on the aquatic system, On the basis of the related research results at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the principle, application range and characteristics of the current calculation method for the ecological water demand of the river reach under the dam. Through the research and analysis of the section parameters, hydraulic habitat parameters of the river reach and the status quo of the ecological environment in the affected areas, Ecological hydraulic method is selected to calculate the ecological base discharge under dam. The result is verified by Tennant method. 3) the impact of mitigation measures on the ecological environment of the project construction is analyzed. It includes the downstream hydrological situation, sediment change, water environment, groundwater environment, terrestrial ecology, aquatic ecology, visual landscape and so on. Based on the analysis results, the corresponding ecological impact mitigation measures are proposed.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV72;X143

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