滦河流域景观格局变化对水沙过程的影响

发布时间：2018-06-24 12:32

本文选题：景观格局 + 产沙　；参考：《生态学报》2017年07期

【摘要】：以滦河流域为研究区域,基于SWAT模型模拟1976—2012年滦河流域的水沙过程,分析2000年京津风沙源治理项目实施前后流域产水产沙时空格局变化;研究1980—2010年流域景观格局变化特征,揭示景观格局变化的水沙响应;应用Spearman相关分析法分析流域景观格局变化对水沙过程的影响。结果表明:与20世纪80年代相比,2010年流域林地和建设用地增加,其他用地类型减小;流域景观集中程度提高、连通性变优、优势斑块显著、形状趋于规则、多样性减少、破碎化程度降低、景观类型向非均衡方向发展;流域年均地表径流减少9mm,产水量增加5.44mm,产沙减小1.59t/hm~2;地表径流减少区域占全流域89.32%,产水量增加区域占76.71%,产沙量减少区域占93.89%;地表径流、产水、产沙与林地面积呈负相关,产水与草地面积呈正相关,地表径流、产沙与农业用地面积呈正相关;地表径流、产水、产沙与景观形状、Shannon′s均匀度、景观分离度呈正相关,与蔓延度、最大斑块指数呈负相关;产水、产沙与斑块密度和Shannon′s多样性指数呈正相关;工程治理后,流域年均径流量与产沙量显著下降,产水产沙高值区显著缩小,产沙关键区域仍需治理。
[Abstract]:Based on SWAT model, the water and sediment processes in Luanhe River Basin from 1976 to 2012 were simulated, and the spatial and temporal patterns of sediment production were analyzed before and after the implementation of Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control project in 2000. The characteristics of watershed landscape pattern change from 1980 to 2010 were studied to reveal the response of water and sediment to landscape pattern change, and Spearman correlation analysis method was used to analyze the influence of watershed landscape pattern change on water and sediment process. The results showed that compared with the 1980s, the woodland and construction land in the watershed increased in 2010, the other land types decreased, the landscape concentration increased, the connectivity became better, the dominant patch became significant, the shape tended to be regular, and the diversity decreased. The degree of fragmentation is reduced, and the landscape type develops in the direction of disequilibrium; The average annual surface runoff decreased by 9 mm, water yield increased by 5.44 mm, sediment yield decreased by 1.59 t / hm ~ (-2), area of surface runoff decreased by 89.32, water yield increased by 76.71 mm, sediment yield decreased by 93.89 mm, surface runoff, water yield and sediment yield were negatively correlated with forest land area. Water yield was positively correlated with grassland area, surface runoff and sediment yield were positively correlated with agricultural land area, surface runoff, water yield, sediment yield and landscape shape were positively correlated with Shannons evenness, landscape separation degree, and spread degree. The maximum patch index was negatively correlated, the water yield and sediment yield were positively correlated with the patch density and Shannons diversity index, the average annual runoff and sediment yield decreased significantly after engineering treatment, and the high value area of aquatic sediment production decreased significantly. Key areas of sediment production still need to be managed.
【作者单位】：南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室水环境数值模拟研究室天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(51079068) 天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(09ZCGYSF00400) 天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划(15JCYBJC22500)
【分类号】：P901;P333

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