北京市城镇居民用水定价模式与节水效用分析

发布时间：2018-06-25 21:57

本文选题：北京市 + 阶梯水价　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于水资源的浪费,有一部分原因是因为在以前人们会认为水像阳光一样,取之不尽用之不竭,所以我们并没有重视节约水资源,也没有建立合理的政策法规制度以及科学的用水定价等水资源保护措施。随着社会经济的迅猛发展,人们越来越意识到水资源对人类生活的重要性,研究水资源的定价模式对北京市的城市和人口发展规模以及缓解城市用水紧张问题具有重要的现实意义。北京是一个极度缺水的城市,近年来连年超量开采地下水资源、实施南水北调等措施来缓解用水紧张的局面,实质上水资源承载力依旧短缺。但在现实生活中,由于长期的低价用水,北京市居民并没有感觉到水资源短缺或感受到水资源人口承载力超载的问题。近年来由于人口不断增加,生活用水占用水总量的比例逐年增多,居民生活用水需求量快速增加,用水总量的供给与人口的增长形成供需矛盾,这制约了北京的可持续发展。那么通过有效的居民用水定价模式来加强居民的节水意识,从而提高水资源的循环性及水资源人口承载力就变得十分必要了。本文首先,根据北京市城市人口规模和水资源的使用现状,通过水资源总量与人均需水量计算出水资源承载力,结果表明,北京市水资源承载力已经严重超载。其次,以北京市的城镇居民用水为研究对象,针对北京市目前实施的阶梯水价进行了分析,发现目前的定价政策对节水没有起到明显的效用。本文从北京市城镇居民人均可支配收入入手,利用函数型数据拟合收入分布函数,并结合居民消费心理可承受能力构建了阶梯水价模型。通过构建有效的节水奖励和浪费水的惩罚机制的阶梯定价模式,从而能够有效发挥阶梯价格的经济杠杆作用,引导居民合理、节约使用水资源。针对从收入的角度测算居民用水定价的效度分析结论表明,该定价模式具有有效的节水作用。
[Abstract]:Part of the reason for the waste of water is that people used to think that water was inexhaustible like sunlight, so we didn't take water conservation seriously. There are no reasonable policies and regulations and water resources protection measures such as scientific water pricing. With the rapid development of social economy, people are becoming more and more aware of the importance of water resources to human life. It is of great practical significance to study the pricing model of water resources for the scale of urban and population development in Beijing and to alleviate the problem of urban water shortage. Beijing is an extremely short of water city. In recent years, the water resources capacity is still short of water resources carrying capacity, such as over-mining groundwater resources, implementing South-to-North Water transfer and other measures to alleviate water tension. However, in real life, because of the long-term low water consumption, the residents of Beijing do not feel the shortage of water resources or the overloading of population carrying capacity of water resources. In recent years, due to the increasing population, the proportion of total water occupied by domestic water is increasing year by year, and the demand for domestic water is increasing rapidly. The contradiction between supply and demand of water supply and population growth is formed, which restricts the sustainable development of Beijing. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of water saving through the effective pricing model of water use for residents, so as to improve the circulation of water resources and the carrying capacity of water resources. Firstly, according to the population scale of Beijing city and the current situation of water resources utilization, the carrying capacity of water resources is calculated through the total amount of water resources and the per capita water demand. The results show that the carrying capacity of water resources in Beijing has been seriously overloaded. Secondly, taking the urban residents' water use in Beijing as the research object, the paper analyzes the ladder water price currently implemented in Beijing, and finds out that the current pricing policy has no obvious effect on water saving. Starting with the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Beijing, this paper uses the functional data to fit the income distribution function and constructs a ladder water price model combined with the affordability of residents' consumption psychology. By constructing an effective incentive for saving water and punishment mechanism for wasting water, the ladder pricing model can effectively exert the economic leverage of ladder price, guide the residents to use water resources reasonably and economize on the use of water resources. From the perspective of income, the validity analysis of water pricing for residents shows that the pricing model has an effective water-saving effect.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.4

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