西部水电工程倾倒变形体岩体质量评价体系与应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 15:09

本文选题：西部水电工程 + 倾倒变形体　；参考：《中国地质大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着人类工程活动的日益频繁及范围的扩大,在国内外的水利水电、矿山、铁路、公路等方面都出现了大量岩质边坡倾倒变形破坏的现象,如加拿大Frank滑坡、美国Brilliant开挖边坡等,国内天生桥二级水电站南产房边坡倾倒、金川露天矿边坡等。倾倒变形是河谷地区层状岩质边坡一种典型的变形破坏模式,大量发育在反倾岩质边坡中,其发育的载体多为深切河谷的岩质高边坡。伴随西部水电工程建设的蓬勃发展,在复杂脆弱的地质环境下,涌现出数量繁多、体型巨大的倾倒变形体,如雅砻江锦屏水电站三滩坝址和水文站坝址左岸、金沙江向家坝马步坎、清江隔河岩厂房等。巨大的倾倒变形体高悬于枢纽区或库区,成为威胁水电工程的重大工程地质问题。在此研究背景下,分析西部水电倾倒变形体发育规律,建立针对西部水电倾倒变形体的岩体质量评价体系,对于认识并解决目前遇到的水电工程边坡倾倒变形破坏问题,显得尤为重要。论文针对西部水电倾倒变形体,以工程地质学、岩石力学理论为指导,运用地质调查、理论分析和ArcGIS、数值模拟相结合的技术方法,主要开展了以下4个方面的研究工作：(1)统计文献中出现的西部水电、矿山、公路工程中,岩质边坡倾倒变形破坏的工程实例,以中国行政区划图为参照,分析西部水电、矿山、公路等工程实例在全国范围地理位置的分布规律,着重分析西部水电等工程实例在西部范围地理位置的分布规律。基于软件ArcGIS,采用层次分析法,考虑区域地质条件(地貌、地层时代、地震烈度、构造应力),针对西部倾倒变形体进行易发性区划评价。选择在西部地区发育的,如金沙江、雅砻江、澜沧江等11条主要河流,基于软件ArcGIS,采用信息量法,针对不同河流的倾倒变形体进行易发性区划评价。该方法研究了不同流域已发生倾倒变形体的发育规律,并深入研究了典型河流内上游、中游及下游倾倒变形体的发育规律。结合信息量法分区结果,针对倾倒变形体发育的各项要素(岩性、坡高、坡角、发育高程、水平及垂直发育深度),进一步分析了倾倒变形体发育要素与信息量间的关系,获得了不同等级信息量分区中倾倒变形体分布特点与发育要素的对应关系；(2)通过研究倾倒变形体的倾倒程度强弱特征,提出倾倒变形体弯折带划分的定量指标。基于悬臂梁模型分析倾倒变形体弯折带力学特性,从而为倾倒变形体的现场判定与稳定性评价提供一定的依据。在对目前常见的边坡岩体质量评价体系进行适用性分析的基础上,结果显示水电工程边坡,特别是发生平面破坏与楔形破坏的边坡,CSMR评价体系依旧适用。但对于水电工程倾倒变形体的岩体质量评价,其适用性已不复存在。通过总结西部水电倾倒变形体几何特征发育规律,基于层次分析法进行规律性分析,以CSMR岩体质量评价体系为基础,通过修正不连续面产状调整值F3,提出适用于西部水电倾倒变形体的岩体质量评价体系QD - CSMR,QD - CSMR = ξRMR — λF1F2F3+F4(RMR、ξ、λ、F1、F2、F4取值要求及范围与CSMR体系保持一致)；(3)在评价目前常见的水电工程岩质边坡岩体力学参数取值方法的基础上,通过确立倾倒变形体所处工程地质条件与取值方法,所处工程阶段与取值方法的对应关系,细化倾倒变形体岩体力学参数取值。针对西部水电倾倒变形体,确定岩体力学参数的取值思路为：以试验法(室内、室外)为基础,初定范围；以估算法(QD - CSMR、HB准则)为核心,确定范围；以经验法为补充,校核范围；(4)以西部某水电站导流明渠边坡为例,进行了倾倒变形现象的研究。通过调查边坡的工程地质条件,分析其变形破坏特征；利用监测资料,基于克里金插值法,分析了边坡的位移演化规律,反演了边坡变形破坏的整个过程。通过概化边坡地质模型,基于软件UDEC,针对三种不同工况,分析了边坡的变形破坏特征,揭示了边坡的变形破坏演化规律。在上述研究基础上,结合克里金插值法与UDEC分析成果,针对导流明渠边坡位移变化特征进行对比分析,研究了变形破坏特征时空演化规律,分析了变形机理。最终分析结论显示,基于克里金插值法与基于UDEC的评价结果,与导流明渠边坡的实际状况达到了较好的一致性。本文的创新和特色之处在于：(1)在统计西部倾倒变形体实例基础上,从区域地质角度选取地形地貌、地层时代、地震烈度区及构造应力为要素,考虑河流地理位置,评价了我国西部倾倒变形体易发性高低,划分出极易发区、较易发区、易发区、较不易发区和极不易发区,其中极易发区主要分布于西南山区,西北及西藏等地少量发育；(2)针对西部水电倾倒变形体,以CSMR体系为基础修正并提出岩体质量评价体系QD - CSMR,QD - CSMR = ξRMR - λF1F2F3+F4(RMR、ξ、λ、F1、F2、E取值要求及范围与CSMR体系保持一致)；(3)从岩体自身性质利用角度,提出针对西部倾倒变形体的工程处理对策：①改变坡体形态,调整应力分布；②据坡体Ⅲ、Ⅳ类岩体发育规模进行置换,改善坡体物质结构；③锚固不稳定关键块体,提高坡体稳定性；④改良斜坡锁固区段特性,提高物理力学参数。⑤视倾倒变形体规模大小,设置不同截、排水措施。
[Abstract]:With the increasing frequency and scope of human engineering activities, a large number of rock slope toppling and deformation phenomena have appeared at home and abroad, such as the Frank landslide in Canada, the Brilliant excavation slope in the United States and so on, the slope of the southern delivery room of Tianshengqiao two hydropower station and the side of the Jinchuan open pit Slope deformation is a typical deformation and failure mode in the stratiform rock slope in the valley area, which is widely developed in the anti dip rock slope. Most of its development carrier is the high rock slope in the deep river valley. With the vigorous development of the hydropower project in the west, there are a large number of huge tilting in the complex and fragile geological environment. The inverted form, such as the three beach site of Yalong River Jinping hydropower station and the left bank of the dam site of the hydrologic station, the Jinsha River to Jiaba Ma Bukan, the Qingjiang Geheyan workshop, etc.. The huge toppling deformable body is suspended in the hub or reservoir area, and becomes a major engineering geological problem threatening the hydropower project. In this study, the development rules of the hydroelectric dumping deformation body in the West are analyzed. In order to understand and solve the problem of slope deformation and failure of the slope of hydropower project, it is very important to establish the rock mass quality evaluation system for the hydroelectric dumping deformation body in Western China. The technical method combined with numerical simulation mainly carried out the following 4 aspects: (1) an engineering example of the collapse and deformation of the rock slope in the Western hydropower, mine and highway engineering in the statistical literature. With the reference of the Chinese administrative zoning map, the engineering examples of hydropower, mine and highway in the western part of the country were analyzed. The distribution law of the location is emphasized. Based on the software ArcGIS, the regional geological conditions (geomorphology, stratigraphic age, seismic intensity and tectonic stress) are considered based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the development of the western region is selected for the development of the western region. 11 main rivers, such as Jinsha River, Yalong River and Lancang River, are based on the software ArcGIS, using the information method to evaluate the susceptibility of the tilting deformable bodies of different rivers. This method studies the development law of the toppling deformable bodies that have occurred in different rivers, and deeply studies the upper, middle and downstream toppling deformable bodies of the typical rivers. According to the results of the information quantity method, the relationship between the development elements and the information of the tilting deformable body is further analyzed in view of the factors (lithology, slope height, angle, height, level and vertical development depth) of the dump deformation body, and the distribution characteristics and development of the tilting deformable body in the different grade information partition are obtained. The corresponding relation of factors; (2) based on the study of the strong and weak toppling degree of the toppling deformation body, the quantitative index of the bending zone of the tilting deformable body is put forward. Based on the cantilever beam model, the mechanical characteristics of the tilting deformation body are analyzed, thus providing a certain basis for the field determination and stability evaluation of the dumping deformation body. On the basis of the applicability analysis of the slope rock mass quality evaluation system, the results show that the CSMR evaluation system is still applicable for the slope of the hydropower project, especially the plane failure and wedge failure. However, the applicability of the rock mass quality evaluation for the dumping deformation body of the hydropower project has no longer existed. The law analysis is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), based on the quality evaluation system of the CSMR rock mass, and by modifying the adjustment value F3 of the discontinuities, the rock mass quality evaluation system suitable for the hydroelectric dumping deformation body in the west is proposed, QD - CSMR, QD - CSMR = RMR - F1F2F3+F4 (RMR, zeta, F1, F2, F2, F4). And the scope is consistent with the CSMR system. (3) on the basis of evaluating the method of obtaining the rock mass mechanical parameters of the rock slope in the current hydropower project, by establishing the engineering geological condition and value method of the dump deformation body and the corresponding relation between the engineering stage and the value method, the mechanical parameters of the rock mass of the dumping deformation body are refined. Based on the test method (indoor, outdoor), based on the test method (indoor, outdoor), based on the test method (indoor, outdoor), the method of determining the rock mass mechanical parameters is based on the test method (QD - CSMR, HB criterion) as the core, and the scope is determined by the empirical method. (4) the dumping deformation phenomenon is carried out in the diversion channel slope of a hydropower station in the west part of the river. By investigating the engineering geological conditions of the slope, the deformation and failure characteristics of the slope are analyzed. Based on the Kriging interpolation method, the deformation and evolution law of the slope is analyzed based on the Kriging interpolation method, and the whole process of the deformation and failure of the slope is retrieved. Based on the generalized slope geological model, based on the soft UDEC, the slope changes are analyzed for three different working conditions. The deformation and failure evolution law of the slope is revealed. On the basis of the above study, combined with Kriging interpolation method and UDEC analysis results, the characteristics of the slope displacement of the diversion channel are compared and analyzed, the temporal and spatial evolution law of the deformation and failure characteristics is studied, and the deformation mechanism is analyzed. The final analysis results show that Kriging is based on Kriging. The interpolation method and the UDEC based evaluation results have achieved good consistency with the actual conditions of the diversion channel slope. The innovation and characteristics of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of the statistics of the inverted deformation body of the west, the terrain and geomorphology, the stratigraphic age, the seismic intensity area and the tectonic stress are selected from the regional geological perspective, and the River land is considered. In order to evaluate the prone position of the deformable deformable body in the west of China, it has been divided into very easy areas, easy to hair area, easy area, less prone area and extremely difficult area. The most prone areas are mainly distributed in the southwest mountain area, the northwest and Tibet and other places. (2) according to the west part of the hydroelectric dumping deformation body, the CSMR system is based on the correction and proposed. Rock mass quality evaluation system QD - CSMR, QD - CSMR = RMR - RMR - F1F2F3+F4 (RMR, zeta, CSMR, F1, F2, E, range and CSMR system); (3) from the angle of the nature of the rock mass, the engineering treatment measures are put forward: (1) changing the shape of the slope and adjusting the stress distribution; (2) according to the slope body III and IV rock mass The development scale is replaced to improve the structure of the slope body; (3) anchorage the unstable key block and improve the stability of the slope. (4) improve the characteristics of the slope locking section and improve the physical and mechanical parameters. 5.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV223

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