珠海电厂航道及附近水域冲淤研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 05:21

本文选题：河口航道 + 地形冲淤　；参考：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：航道,作为连接港口内外的纽带,是船舶进出港口的通道,在港口建设和运营中起着至关重要的作用。但世界上许多港口和航道都遭受着泥沙淤积问题,不得不通过整治和维护疏浚来保持需要的水深。本文模拟计算珠海电厂航道及附近水域的地形冲淤,分析泥沙输移特征,探讨潮流、波浪和风等动力因素及工程因素对冲淤的影响,主要研究内容及成果如下:(1)运用Delft3D软件建立黄茅海河口湾二维泥沙数学模型,通过水位、流速、流量和含沙量验证后,对珠海电厂航道及附近水域的洪、枯季地形冲淤进行模拟计算。(2)计算结果显示,冲淤分布规律与水动力条件和地形密切相关。无论洪季还是枯季,冲刷范围均呈带状分布于大芒岛-三角山-南水岛峡口和荷包岛-高栏岛峡口间的主流带区域,淤积发生在冲刷带两侧。洪、枯季均以淤积为主,但洪季淤积更严重,枯季冲刷更严重。电厂航道沿程淤积强度呈“中间大、两头小”的特征,洪、枯季最大淤强分别为0.89m/年和0.81m/年,全段航道沿程平均淤强分别为0.59m/年和0.49m/年。(3)统计各峡口断面的泥沙输移量:洪季计算时段内,从三角山-南水岛、大芒岛-三角山、荷包岛-高栏岛和荷包岛-大芒岛4个断面向高栏港水域输入泥沙体积比为2.9:9.2:8.5:1,输出泥沙体积比为0.5:1.1:1.9:1;枯季计算时段内,从这4个断面输入泥沙体积比为10.8:26.3:11.2:1,输出泥沙体积比为1.5:2.6:2.9:1.大芒岛-三角山-南水岛和荷包岛-高栏岛峡口是高栏港水域泥沙输移的主要通道。(4)探讨潮流、波浪和风对珠海电厂航道及附近水域冲淤的影响,发现波浪对冲淤的影响较为明显。(5)防波堤能够有效降低电厂航道的最大淤强和平均淤强,对电厂航道起到了显著的减淤效果。随着防波堤长度加长,减淤效果逐渐提高,但提高的幅度逐渐降低。能否通过加长防波堤来进一步降低电厂航道的泥沙淤积强度、缓解航道泥沙淤积问题,还需要更深入的研究与论证。
[Abstract]:As a link between port and port, waterway is the passage for ships to enter and exit port, which plays an important role in port construction and operation. However, many ports and waterways in the world suffer from silt deposition, and they have to maintain the depth of water by dredging and dredging. In this paper, the topography scouring and siltation of the channel and nearby waters of Zhuhai Power Plant are simulated and calculated, and the characteristics of sediment transport are analyzed, and the influence of dynamic factors, such as tidal current, wave and wind, and engineering factors on the siltation is discussed. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) using Delft 3D software, the two-dimensional sediment mathematical model of Huangmaohai Estuary Bay is established. After the verification of water level, velocity, discharge and sediment content, the flood in the channel and nearby waters of Zhuhai Power Plant is studied. (2) the results show that the distribution of scour and deposition is closely related to hydrodynamic conditions and topography. No matter in flood season or dry season, the scour range is distributed in the mainstream zone between Dawangdao, Triangle Mountain and Nanshui Island fjords and between Hebao Island and Gaolan Island fjords, where siltation occurs on both sides of the scouring zone. Flood, dry season are mainly silt, but the flood season silt is more serious, dry season scour is more serious. The siltation intensity along the channel of the power plant shows the characteristics of "middle big, two ends small". The maximum siltation intensity in flood and dry season is 0.89m/ year and 0.81m/ year, respectively. The average siltation intensity along the whole channel is 0.59m/ year and 0.49m/ year respectively. (3) count the sediment transport amount of each Fjakou section: during the calculation period of flood season, from Triangle Mountain to Nanshui Island, from Big Mang Island to Triangle Mountain, from Triangle Mountain to Nanshui Island, from Big Mang Island to Triangle Mountain, The volume ratio of sediment input from the four sections of Hebao Island, Gaolan Island and Homao Island to the waters of Gaolan Port is 2.9: 9.2: 8.5: 1, and the ratio of output sediment volume to that of output sediment is 0.5: 1.1: 1.91. In the dry season calculation period, the ratio of input sediment volume to sediment volume from these four sections is 10.8: 26.3: 11.2: 1, and the output sediment volume ratio is 1.5: 2.6: 2.91. Damang Island, Triangle Mountain, Nanshui Island and Hebao Island, Gaolan Island, are the main channels for sediment transport in Gaolan Harbor. (4) the influence of tidal current, wave and wind on the erosion and siltation of the channel and nearby waters of Zhuhai Power Plant is discussed. It is found that the influence of wave against siltation is obvious. (5) Breakwater can effectively reduce the maximum siltation intensity and average siltation intensity of the channel of power plant and play a significant role in reducing the siltation of the channel of power plant. As the length of breakwater lengthens, the silt reduction effect increases gradually, but the increasing range decreases gradually. It is necessary to further study and prove whether it is possible to further reduce the siltation intensity of the waterway of power plant by lengthening the breakwater and alleviate the problem of siltation in the waterway.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV148

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