我国跨行政区湖泊治理研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 07:48

本文选题：湖泊 + 跨行政区　；参考：《华中科技大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：湖泊是水资源的重要载体,是自然生态系统的重要组成部分。湖泊的开发利用保护等治理问题,是各级政府的重要公共管理事务。我国很多湖泊的自然分布与行政区划不完全一致,湖泊开发保护等治理问题常常在不同的行政区之间进行。而跨行政区湖泊治理问题涉及到经济社会发展以及各要素相互之间的协调,同时也涉及到区域间的协调合作、社会参与等诸多因素。县市区域内的湖泊治理往往效果较好,但跨县市以上行政区的湖泊治理问题往往比较突出。跨行政区湖泊治理问题主要表现为湖泊生态恶化、过度利用,管理体制不顺、协调合作受阻,相关法规不完善、保障困难,社会氛围不浓、公众参与不足,缺乏有效的监督、难以问责等。跨行政区湖泊治理问题不是单纯的公地悲剧问题,也不是单纯的囚徒困境博弈问题,依靠传统的行政机制或市场机制无法有效解决我国跨行政区湖泊治理问题。如何有效解决跨行政区湖泊治理问题,需要系统深入的研究。本文对跨行政区湖泊治理的相关理论进行阐述,为后文奠定基础,接着对国内外经验教训和启示进行梳理,并通过跨行政区湖泊治理问题的实践、经验教训,深刻分析我国跨区域湖泊治理存在的问题,以及这些产生问题背后的原因,从而解析跨行政区湖泊治理的机理,优化跨行政区湖泊治理的新框架,并以跨市级行政区的梁子湖治理为例,对治理机制和框架进行实证分析,最后得出本文研究的结论。对跨行政区湖泊治理的问题和原因的分析是本文的重点内容。本文从生态环境、体制机制、法律法规、社会参与和监督执法等几个方面分析了跨行政区治理的问题。从生态环境上来说,存在湖泊污染退化,过度利用的问题。从治理体制机制上来说,存在各部门职能分割交叉,缺乏有效的协调、合作、利益共享机制。从法治角度来看,存在湖泊流域水资源治理法律法规的缺失,立法内容不协调,法律规定操作性不强的问题。从社会参与来讲,湖泊流域居民利益往往被忽略,民间力量弱小,公众参与湖泊治理缺乏制度保障的问题普遍存在。从政府治理的监督执法角度看,也存在政府执法偏弱,环保指标偏软,政绩观偏差,难以问责的问题。对于问题背后的内在原因,本文研究认为,由于跨行政区湖泊是“公共池塘资源”,容易出现利益冲突,治理上存在天然的矛盾。跨行政区湖泊治理中的治理主体之间信任基础不牢,缺乏有效的治理体系和治理措施。协调合作机制不健全,地方政府之间的合作机制刚开始建立,地方政府与其它主体之间的合作机制很少。利益共享不明,跨行政区湖泊流域利益共享和生态补偿的机制尚不健全,存在湖泊流域周边政府重开发利用、轻生态保护的问题。湖泊治理的投入不足,公共财政资金更倾向于建设性项目的投入,对治理类的资金投入较少。社会参与渠道不畅,企业、社会组织和社会公众等治理主体的作用都还没有充分发挥。在分析问题及原因的基础上,本文论证设计了我国跨行政区湖泊治理的优化框架。要建立完善的横向和纵向的协作合作机制、规制管理机制、利益共享机制、公众参与机制,建立健全现行湖泊治理法律体系,选择相适应的湖泊管理机构,保障各项湖泊治理措施的执行和实施,推进湖泊治理制度的有效运作。最后,本文以目前湖北省典型的跨市级行政区湖泊——梁子湖为例,针对当前的主要问题,对其治理思路、模式、体制机制等方面提出优化方案,并总结全文。
[Abstract]:Lake is an important carrier of water resources and an important part of natural ecosystem. The problems of Lake development, utilization and protection are important public management affairs at all levels of government. The natural distribution of many lakes in China is not exactly the same as the administrative division, and the problems of Lake development and protection are often carried out among different administrative areas. The problem of Lake governance in the trans administrative region involves the economic and social development and the coordination between the various elements. At the same time, it also involves the coordination and cooperation between regions, social participation and many other factors. The lake governance in the county and city areas is often better, but the problem of Lake governance across the county and above administrative areas is often more prominent. Lake governance problems are mainly manifested in lake ecological deterioration, excessive utilization, poor management system, coordination and cooperation obstructed, related laws and regulations imperfections, difficult security, poor social atmosphere, lack of public participation, lack of effective supervision, and difficulty in accountability. The problem of Lake governance in the trans administrative region is not a simple public land tragedy, nor a simple prisoner. The problem of the apprentice dilemma game can not effectively solve the problem of Lake governance in China's trans Administrative Region relying on the traditional administrative mechanism or market mechanism. How to effectively solve the problem of Lake governance in the trans administrative region needs a systematic and in-depth study. This paper expounds the related theories of Lake governance in the cross administrative region, lays the foundation for the later literature, and then to the domestic and foreign countries. The lessons and lessons are combed, and through the practice of the problem of Lake governance across the administrative region and the experience and lessons, the problems existing in the management of lakes in our country are deeply analyzed, and the reasons behind these problems are analyzed so as to analyze the mechanism of Lake governance across the administrative region, to optimize the new framework for the management of lakes across the administrative region, and to take a cross city level line. The governance mechanism and the framework of the Liangzi Lake are taken as an example, and the conclusion of this paper is obtained at last. The analysis of the problems and causes of the lake governance in the trans administrative region is the key content of this article. This paper analyzes the cross administrative area from the aspects of the ecological environment, the system mechanism, the laws and regulations, the social participation and the supervision and enforcement of the law. In terms of ecological environment, there is a problem of lake pollution degradation and excessive utilization. From the system mechanism, there are various departmental functions and cross sections, lack of effective coordination, cooperation and benefit sharing mechanism. From the perspective of the rule of law, there is a lack of laws and regulations on water resource management in Lake Basin, and the legislative content is not coordinated. From the social participation, the interests of the residents in the lake basin are often ignored, the folk forces are weak, and the public participation in the lack of institutional protection of the lake governance is common. From the perspective of the supervision and enforcement of the government, the government is weak in law enforcement, the environmental indicators are weak, and the political performance deviation is difficult to blame. With regard to the inherent reasons behind the problems, this paper holds that because the lakes in the trans administrative region are "resources of public ponds", they are prone to conflicts of interest, and there are natural contradictions in governance. The trust foundation among the main governance subjects in the management area of the trans administrative region is not strong, the effective governance system and the governance measures are lacking. The mechanism of cooperation between local governments has just begun to establish, and the cooperation mechanism between local governments and other subjects is very few. The sharing of interests and the mechanism of ecological compensation across the lake basin in the administrative region are still unsound. The public finance funds are more inclined to the investment of constructive projects, less investment in the capital of governance. The social participation channels are not smooth, the role of enterprises, social organizations and the public is not fully played. On the basis of the analysis of the problems and reasons, this paper demonstrates the advantages of the Lake governance in the cross administrative region of our country. It is necessary to establish a perfect cooperative mechanism of horizontal and vertical cooperation, regulate management mechanism, benefit sharing mechanism, public participation mechanism, establish and improve the current legal system of Lake governance, select the suitable lake management institutions, guarantee the implementation and implementation of various lake governance measures, and promote the effective operation of the lake governance system. Finally, This paper, taking the typical cross Municipal Administrative District Lake Liangzi Lake in Hubei Province as an example, aims at the main problems at present, and puts forward the optimization plan for its management thinking, model, system mechanism and so on, and summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV882.9

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