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滇东山原区水库岩溶渗漏系统工程地质研究

发布时间:2018-07-09 20:15

  本文选题:滇东山原区 + 岩溶水文地质结构 ; 参考:《成都理工大学》2015年博士论文


【摘要】:水库渗漏是岩溶地区最复杂的问题之一,至今仍是大家关注的热点,是直接影响水库能否成库和经济效益的关键因素。滇东山原区地形地貌条件独特,山地与盆地相间分布,地势整体平坦开阔,切割较浅,而四周河谷深切,地势陡降数百米;构造复杂,褶皱开阔平缓,陡倾角断裂交织发育;碳酸盐岩广布,岩溶发育。滇东山原区的地质环境条件复杂,水库岩溶渗漏的水动力条件因山原周边深切河谷的存在而显著不同。此外,山原区于20世纪50-60年代建成的水库大多存在岩溶渗漏病害问题。显然地,对这样复杂背景下的水利工程岩溶渗漏问题进行系统研究,是十分有意义的。论文基于系统工程地质研究的观点,深化了高原分水岭地带及河谷斜坡地带岩溶发育的独特性以及控制因素,划分了滇东山原区的主要岩溶水文地质结构类型和含水系统类型,总结了研究区内岩溶水流动系统的类型和特点。在对区内20余个既有病害水库水文地质-工程水文地质分析的基础上,提出了山原区内水库渗漏的地质模式,并结合拟建黑滩河水库的工程特点,构建了山原区水库渗漏的评判方法和流程,进行了防渗论证,为黑滩河水利工程的论证提供了科学依据。最终得到了以下的重要结论:(1)根据山原区内地质结构特征(岩溶层组和非岩溶层组的空间展布关系)、地质构造和岩溶水动力单元三者在空间上的组合情况,将区内的水文地质结构主要划分为以下三种类型:①均匀状纯碳酸盐岩平缓褶皱型,②断裂构造控制型,③间互状褶皱构造型。山原区内的含水系统可分为单层含水系统和多层含水系统两类。(2)山原区的地下水交替循环主要包括两种模式:①盆地、谷地就近排泄型;②向深切河谷远端排泄型。其中,盆地、谷地就近排泄型可细分为汇水盆地型和汇水-径流盆地型;向深切河谷远端排泄型可细分为直接向区域侵蚀基准面排泄型和向深切割支流排泄型两类。在山原区边缘地带,地表径流往往转化为地下径流,以岩溶大泉或暗河形式在区域侵蚀基准面附近排泄。这种水资源系统源于大气降水,地表径流与地下水流之间从腹地到边缘的转换过程,是滇东山原区较为特别的“三水”转化形式。(3)研究区内的地下水流系统分属牛栏江、南盘江、北盘江三个二级岩溶地下水流系统。其中,牛栏江和北盘江的三级岩溶地下水流系统类型主要为岩溶大泉型和地下河型;南盘江则以支流型三级地下水流系统为主,其四级地下水系统则多为岩溶大泉型和地下河型。(4)牛栏江和北盘江的三级岩溶水流动系统类型(岩溶大泉型和地下河型),按照地下水流径流的串联关系过程,可以将系统自上游源到下游汇细分为三个四级地下水流系统,包括:①浅表层段岩溶水流系统,地下水排入局部侵蚀基准面,系统内地表有小流量的泉出露;②深部段岩溶水流系统,地下水不受局部侵蚀基准面控制,该段地表水系为悬谷,地表基无泉点出露;③伏流段岩溶水流系统,既汇入地表径流的水量又汇入深部段的地下水流,同时又得到本段内地下水的补给。(5)山原区的水库渗漏既有可溶岩地区的,也有非可溶岩地区的,并以可溶岩地区的水库渗漏危害更为显著。根据渗漏部位、渗漏介质、渗漏距离的差异,山原区的水库岩溶渗漏可划分为常规渗漏型和向远端-深切割侵蚀基准面渗漏型两大类。向远端-深切割侵蚀基准面渗漏型具有渗漏距离远,相对落差大的特点,是区内一类独特的渗漏模式。(6)针对山原区向远端-深切割侵蚀基准面渗漏类型的评判,提出岩溶含水系统的空间分布和蓄水前后岩溶水流动系统边界的改变是重要的评判因素,尤其是岩溶含水系统与远端-深切的区域排泄基准面的连通性是评判向远端-深切割侵蚀基准面渗漏类型的重要因素。黑滩河水库在正常蓄水后,原浅表层段岩溶水流系统和深部段岩溶水流系统之间的分水岭边界消失,形成了统一的地下水流动系统,库水向菱角塘暗河的渗漏发生,渗漏量大,程度严重。(7)岩溶水库的防渗处置应根据实际地质条件,选取技术可行,经济合理的防渗方案。黑滩河水库区采取的防渗帷幕方案,布置在渗漏的重点部位。通过数值模拟计算了不同深度时的渗漏量和防渗投入,并作经济性对比,提出了适宜的帷幕深度(占渗漏岩体厚度的60%),为黑滩河水利工程的论证提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:Reservoir leakage is one of the most complicated problems in karst area. It is still the focus of attention, which is the key factor that directly affects the reservoir formation and economic benefits. The terrain and geomorphic conditions of the original area of the East Yunnan mountain are unique, the mountain and the basin are distributed, the whole terrain is flat and open, the cutting is shallow, and the surrounding valley is deep and the terrain steeply descends hundreds of meters. The structure is complex, the folds open and smooth, the steep dip fracture interlaced, the carbonate rock widely distributed, the karst development. The geological environment conditions of the original area of Dongshan mountain are complex, the hydrodynamic conditions of the reservoir karst leakage are significantly different because of the existence of the deep cut valley in the original mountains. In addition, most of the reservoirs built in the 50-60 years of twentieth Century have karst seepage. Obviously, it is of great significance to systematically study the karst seepage problems of water conservancy projects under such complex background. Based on the viewpoint of systematic engineering geology, the paper deepens the uniqueness and control factors of karst development in the Plateau Watershed and the valley slope zone, and divides the main areas of the East Yunnan. The types and characteristics of karst hydrogeological structure and water bearing system are summarized. On the basis of the hydrogeology, engineering and hydrogeological analysis of more than 20 damaged reservoirs in the area, the geological model of the reservoir leakage in the original mountain area is put forward, and the engineering characteristics of the proposed heir reservoir are combined. The evaluation method and process of the seepage of the reservoir in the original mountain area were built, the proof of seepage prevention was carried out, and the scientific basis was provided for the demonstration of the Hetan river water conservancy project. Finally, the following important conclusions were obtained: (1) according to the geological structure characteristics in the original area of the mountain, the geological structure and the karst hydrodynamic force Dan Yuansan are based on the relationship between the karst layer and the non karst layer. In the combination of space, the hydrogeological structure in the area is divided into three types: (1) homogeneous pure carbonate flat folds, control type of fracture structure and interform fold structure. The water bearing system in the original area can be divided into one layer water bearing system and two kinds of water bearing system. (2) ground water in the original mountain area The alternate cycle mainly includes two modes: (1) the basin, the valley is near the excretory type, and the second is to the distal drainage type of the deep valley. In the basin, the near excretory type can be subdivided into the sink basin and the water flow basin type, and the distal excretory type to the deep cut valley can be subdivided into the direct regional erosion datum discharge type and the deep cut tributary discharge. The surface runoff is often converted into underground runoff in the marginal zone of Shanyuan area, which is excreted near the regional erosion base surface in the form of the karst great spring or the dark river. This water resource system is derived from the atmospheric precipitation, the process of the transition from the hinterland to the edge between the surface runoff and the groundwater flow, which is a more special "three water" transfer in the original area of East Mountain. (3) the groundwater flow system in the study area belongs to the three two grade karst groundwater flow systems in the Niu Lun River, the South Pan Jiang River and the North Pan Jiang River. Among them, the three grade karst groundwater flow system in the Niu Lun River and the North Pan River is mainly the karst big spring and the underground river type; the South Pan River is mainly supported by the support flow type three groundwater system, and its fourth level groundwater The system is mostly the karst big spring type and the underground river type. (4) the three grade karst water flow system of the Niu Lun River and the North Pan River (the karst big spring type and the underground river type). According to the series relationship process of the groundwater flow and runoff, the system can be subdivided into three four grade groundwater flow systems from the upstream source to the downstream sink, including: 1. Shallow layer karst water flow In the system, the groundwater is discharged into the local erosion datum surface, and the surface of the system has a small flow of spring out of the surface, and the deep Duan Yanrong flow system, the groundwater is not controlled by the local erosion datum surface, the surface water system of this section is a suspended Valley, the surface base is unexposed, and the karst flow system of the surface runoff is remitted to the deep section of the surface of the surface. (5) the seepage of the reservoir in the original area of the mountain has both the karst area and the non soluble rock area, and the reservoir leakage damage of the karst area is more obvious. The karst leakage of the reservoir in the original area can be divided into the conventional seepage type and the leakage type according to the leakage position, the leakage medium and the leakage distance. There are two major types of leakage in the base surface of the distal deep cutting erosion. The leakage distance to the base surface of the distal deep cutting is far away and the relative falling difference is a unique type of seepage model in the region. (6) the spatial distribution and storage of the karst water bearing system are put forward in view of the evaluation of the seepage type of the remote and deep cut erosion datum surface in the original mountain area. The change of the boundary of the karst water flow system before and after the water is an important factor, especially the connection between the karst water bearing system and the distal deep area discharge datum is an important factor to judge the leakage type of the distal and deep cutting base surface. After the normal water storage, the karst water system and the deep section of the shallow surface section of the reservoir are in the normal water storage. The watershed boundary between the karst water flow system disappears and forms a unified groundwater flow system. The leakage of reservoir water to the dark river in the chestnut pond occurs, the leakage is large and the degree is serious. (7) the seepage prevention and disposal of the karst reservoir should be based on the actual geological conditions and select the feasible and economical seepage prevention scheme. The scheme is arranged in the key parts of the leakage. Through numerical simulation, the leakage and seepage control input at different depths are calculated, and the economic comparison is made. The suitable curtain depth (60% of the thickness of the seepage rock mass) is put forward, which provides a scientific basis for the demonstration of the Hetan river water conservancy project.
【学位授予单位】:成都理工大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:TV221.2;TV697.32

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