凉水河河道治理工程的科学管理研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 13:45

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展，政府财力不断增强，政府投资的建设项目快速增加，已成为当前推动社会经济发展的重要力量。尽管政府投资的工程项目具有较大的社会效益，但是一些政府投资工程存在前期准备工作不到位、不重视前期工作，违反工程建设项目的基本程序，行政干预较多，工程造价高、浪费严重等问题。因此，对政府投资项目进行科学统筹和管理，具有重要意义。通过工业工程课程的学习，结合运筹学、系统工程方面的理论，在参考管理理论专业学者在管理政府投资工程方面成果的基础上，本文结合根据政府投资工程项目存在的问题和经济技术开发区的特点，结合作者对政府投资工程的体会和经验，总结出对工程项目科学的、可行的管理模式。长期以来政府工程项目把主要精力集中在施工阶段，以及项目完成后的资金审核上，而普遍忽视工程的前期论证和决策。工程项目的前期论证是项目的起点，关系项目的成败，并且这一阶段的投资约占工程总投资额的0.5~3%，但是影响总投资的可能性为35~95%。充分地研究论证，多方征求专家、学者意见，对合理配置资源、保障项目顺利实施具有重要意义。政府工程受行政干预较多，前期论证比较草率，前期阶段投入的资金和人力少，时间短，缺乏专业的、细致的基础工作，有些工程甚至边设计、边报批、边施工，也就是通常所说的“三边工程”。而工程上马后，由于前期准备不充分，施工方案往往不合理，造成工程项目工期延误或者投资大、效益低，甚至造成工程无法实施，成为“烂尾工程”。由此造成的政府投资损失和浪费十分惊人。对工程项目进行科学管理，首先应重视项目的前期论证。在前期论证阶段一方面，要控制工程投资、杜绝资源浪费；另一方面，论证工程是否可行，避免工程隐患，必要时增加投资，确保工程不至于“烂尾”或留下重大隐患，造成更大损失。其次，注重政府部门之间的协调与协作，在工程论证期间，务必向规划、环保、水务、安全、国土、发改委等部门进行意见咨询，确保工程建设和手续符合相关的政策与法规。第三，对工程中的关键问题，要予以高度重视，集中力量、充分论证，务必找出最优的解决办法。在论证过程中要广泛征求专家学者的意见，加强与大专院校、科研院所、设计单位的合作以弥补政府部门在某些专业领域的缺陷，为工程项目提供专业的、科学的分析与论证。凉水河是北京经济技术开发区内最主要的河流，其水源主要是流域内污水处理厂排水和城市生活污水。凉水河开发区段，河道淤积严重，水质较差。随着开发区及周边地区经济的快速发展，凉水河沿岸陆续建成了制药企业、工业园区、办公区、医院和居民小区。为了改善凉水河的面貌，2009年起，开发区管委会投入资金对荣昌西街至马驹桥段针对凉水河存在的问题进行了综合治理。该工程中河道淤泥的处置是难点问题，北京经济技术开发区有大量生产企业，所排放的工业废水中可能含有铜、砷、汞等重金属。治理河段河道淤泥估算量约15万吨，对这些可能含有重金属的淤泥，最常用的处理办法是进行卫生填埋，淤泥的处置费用将十分高昂，而运输过程中的遗撒会造成二次污染，产生新的环境和社会问题。得益于开发区系统的、科学的管理，生产企业的重金属污染物得到了有效控制，实际经过污水处理厂排入凉水河的重金属污染物极少。建设单位通过详细地调查研究，并委托专业检测机构（CNAS）对凉水河、新凤河的河道底质进行了检测，检测结果也显示，凉水河开发区段河道淤泥中重金属含量较低。建设单位就调查和检测结果，广泛征求了环保、水务、土壤、农业、园林绿化等各相关专业专家学者的意见，并召开了专家评审会，专家学者们一致认为调查和监测结果详尽可靠，可以作为工程项目的决策依据。由于凉水河开发区段河道淤泥受到的污染较轻，重金属污染物浓度满足《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》（GB4284-84），可以作为绿化肥料使用。在优化方案中，工程施工过程中清理的淤泥，在河道沿线土地整治和绿化工程中，就地利用。施工方案经过优化后，避免了河道淤泥清运产生的二次污染，而且河道淤泥治理的估算投资费用由13950万元减少到900万元，大大节约了工程费用。结合凉水河荣昌西街至马驹桥段治理工程实例，，说明如何在前期论证阶段，如何收集资料、征求专家和学者意见，为工程决策提供可靠的依据。这些经验、方法对类似工程具有一定借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and the increasing government financial resources , the rapid increase of the construction projects of government investment has become an important force to promote the social and economic development .

Based on the study of industrial engineering course , combined with the theory of operational research and system engineering , this paper combines with the problems existing in government investment project and the characteristics of economic and technological development zone , and summarizes the practical and feasible management mode of engineering project based on the problems existing in government investment project and the characteristics of economic and technological development zone .

For a long time , government projects focus on the construction phase and the fund audit after the completion of the project , but generally neglect the preliminary demonstration and decision - making of the project . The preliminary demonstration of the project is the starting point of the project , the success or failure of the relationship project , and the investment in this stage accounts for 0.5 -3 % of the total investment amount of the project .

Scientific management of the project should first focus on the preliminary demonstration of the project . In the early stage of the demonstration stage , the project investment should be controlled and the waste of resources should be avoided ;
On the other hand , demonstrate the feasibility of the project , avoid the hidden dangers of the project , increase investment when necessary , and ensure that the project is not " rotten " or leave a major hidden danger , resulting in greater losses . In the course of the demonstration , it is important to pay great attention to the planning , environmental protection , water affairs , security , land and change commission . Third , it is important to focus on the planning , environmental protection , water affairs , security , land and development and reform commission to ensure that the engineering construction and formalities conform to the relevant policies and regulations . In the demonstration process , it is important to pay great attention to the problems in the project , strengthen cooperation with colleges and universities , scientific research institutes and design units , and provide professional and scientific analysis and demonstration for the engineering projects .

The Liangshuihe River is the most important river in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone , and its water source is mainly the drainage of sewage treatment plant in the river basin and municipal domestic sewage . With the rapid development of the economic development in the development zone and the surrounding area , pharmaceutical enterprises , industrial parks , office areas , hospitals and residential areas have been built along the coast of the Liangshuihe River . In order to improve the landscape of the Liangshuihe River , the management committee of the Development Zone has invested funds to comprehensively treat the problems existing in the Liangshuihe River from Rongchang West Street to Ma Chau Bridge .

The disposal of river sludge in the project is a difficult problem , and the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone has a large number of production enterprises , and the discharged industrial waste water may contain heavy metals such as copper , arsenic , mercury and the like . The sewage sludge in the river section is estimated to be about 150,000 tons , and the most common treatment method is to carry out sanitary landfill , and the disposal cost of the sludge is very high , and the sediment in the transportation process can cause secondary pollution and generate new environmental and social problems .

Based on the scientific management of the development zone system and the effective control of heavy metal pollutants from the production enterprises , the heavy metal pollutant discharged into the Liangshuihe River by the sewage treatment plant is very little . The construction unit has also shown that the heavy metal content in the river mud in the river silt in the development zone of Liangshuihe development zone is low . The construction unit has widely sought the opinions of experts and scholars of various relevant professional experts , such as environmental protection , water affairs , soil , agriculture , garden greening and the like , and convened an expert evaluation meeting . The experts and scholars agree that the investigation and monitoring results are detailed and reliable , and can be used as the decision basis for the project .

In the optimization scheme , the sludge discharged from the process of engineering construction can be used as greening fertilizer . In the optimization scheme , the silt accumulated during the construction process can be used as greening fertilizer . After the optimization of the construction scheme , the secondary pollution caused by the dredging operation of the river channel is avoided , and the estimated investment cost of the river sludge treatment is reduced to CNY 9 million by CNY 13,950 million , which greatly saves the engineering cost .

Combined with the example of the control project of Liangshuihe Rongchang West Street and Ma Qiao Bridge Section , how to collect the data , solicit opinions from experts and scholars , and provide reliable basis for engineering decision - making in the early stage of demonstration . These experiences and methods have certain reference significance for similar projects .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV85

【参考文献】