基于河流生态功能保护与恢复的空间规划对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 18:43

【摘要】：河流生态功能下降已经成为快速城镇化过程中的典型性问题。笔者通过分析河流生态功能发挥的内在机制，指出保护和维持河流的关键生态要素的健康是河流生态功能得以发挥的基础。而河流生态的健康是一个涉及多学科、多部门的复杂问题，单纯对河道进行工程治理、生态修复难以从根本上解决上述问题。而空间开发建设通过改变河流的水循环过程、破坏水系结构，影响了河流生态功能的发挥。因此有必要将空间规划介入河流生态功能保护与恢复的研究中，建立河流生态功能发挥对空间规划的内在约束，提出空间规划应从水域、陆域、边缘区三个重要的空间维度进行着手，结合现有的规划技术体系制定相应的空间规划策略，为河流的生态保护以及河流地区的人居环境建设提供可借鉴的思路。文章首先对河流生态功能、空间规划等概念进行界定，明确了研究对象和研究重点。其次通过分析河流生态系统的特征，得出维持河流生态功能的关键生态要素，对这些生态要素进行保护和恢复即是河流生态功能保护与恢复的重点内容。围绕河流生态功能保护与恢复的研究，从河流生态治理、河流生态规划的空间方法、土地利用对河流生态系统的影响三个方面进行了文献综述，肯定了现有的研究成果，并指出不足。第三章通过分析河流生态功能保护与恢复的困境，，认识由于影响河流生态的要素主要集中在河道以外的空间，仅针对河道的规划实践不能从根本上解决河流面临的问题。文章指出空间规划介入河流生态功能的保护与恢复具有一定的必要性。在此基础上，提出空间规划的任务是保护河流生态要素、减弱开发建设对河流产生的干扰，规划应对措施主要是从整体空间的优化、边缘区的建设、水域空间的保护三方面着手，建构区域规划—城市总体规划（分区规划）—开发管控三个层次的规划技术体系。第四第五章分别从流域、城市两个空间范畴出发，探讨了基于河流生态功能保护与恢复的规划方法。流域层面应对与河流生态相关的生态要素进行保护，包括生态斑块和跳板，通过对水系网络的恢复、以廊道绿网串联生态斑块和节点空间，构建以水系结构为骨架的生态格局，并对城镇建设提出建设指引等内容；城市层面主要任务是对城市河流进行生态修复和保护、保护河流关键的水文循环空间，提出以水系与生态基础设施结合构筑城市生态空间结构、滨水区生态规划、水域空间规划的措施；规划控制主要围绕线性空间的保护以及用地控制上，而用地控制重点是在原有控规指标体系的基础上增加如何减少不透水地面的相关指标。第六部分是以笔者参与的实际项目《流溪河沿线岸线控制性规划》为例，研究了基于河流生态功能保护与恢复的河流沿线用地规划方法的具体应用。第七部分为研究结论及展望。
[Abstract]:The decline of river ecological function has become a typical problem in the process of rapid urbanization. By analyzing the inherent mechanism of river ecological function, the author points out that protecting and maintaining the health of key ecological elements of river is the basis of river ecological function. The health of river ecology is a complex problem involving many disciplines and departments. It is difficult to solve the above problems by simply controlling the river course and ecological restoration. By changing the process of river water circulation, spatial development and construction destroy the structure of river system and affect the ecological function of river. Therefore, it is necessary to involve spatial planning in the research of river ecological function protection and restoration, and establish the inherent restriction of river ecological function to spatial planning, and put forward that spatial planning should be from water area and land area. The three important spatial dimensions of the marginal area are carried out, and the corresponding spatial planning strategies are formulated in combination with the existing planning technology system, which can be used for reference for the ecological protection of rivers and the construction of human settlements in river areas. Firstly, the paper defines the concept of river ecological function and spatial planning, and clarifies the research object and focus. Secondly, by analyzing the characteristics of river ecosystem, the key ecological elements to maintain river ecological function are obtained. The protection and restoration of these ecological elements is the key content of river ecological function protection and restoration. Based on the research of river ecological function protection and restoration, this paper summarizes the literature from three aspects: river ecological management, spatial method of river ecological planning and the impact of land use on river ecosystem, and confirms the existing research results. And pointed out the insufficiency. By analyzing the dilemma of river ecological function protection and restoration, the third chapter recognizes that because the factors affecting river ecology are mainly in the space outside the river channel, only the planning practice of river course can not fundamentally solve the problems facing the river. This paper points out that it is necessary for spatial planning to intervene in the protection and restoration of river ecological function. On this basis, it is proposed that the task of spatial planning is to protect the ecological elements of rivers and to reduce the disturbance caused by the development and construction of rivers. The planning countermeasures are mainly from the optimization of the overall space and the construction of the marginal areas. In the three aspects of water space protection, the planning technology system of regional planning, urban master planning (zoning planning) and development control is constructed. The fourth and fifth chapter discusses the planning method based on river ecological function protection and restoration from two spatial categories of river basin and city. The ecological elements related to river ecology should be protected at watershed level, including ecological patches and springboards. Through the restoration of water system network, the ecological structure of river system structure should be constructed by connecting ecological patches and node space with corridor green network. The main task of urban level is to restore and protect urban rivers, and to protect the key hydrological cycle space of urban rivers. The measures of constructing urban ecological spatial structure, waterfront ecological planning and water area spatial planning by combining water system with ecological infrastructure are put forward, and the planning control mainly revolves around the protection of linear space and the control of land use. The key point of land use control is how to reduce the relative indexes of impermeable ground on the basis of the original control index system. In the sixth part, the author takes the actual project "the controlled planning along the river line along Liuxi River" as an example, and studies the concrete application of the land planning method along the river line based on the protection and restoration of the ecological function of the river. The seventh part is the conclusion and prospect of the research.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.18;TV82

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